零工经济崛起与零工劳动者权益保护——来自美国《加州零工经济法》的启示

The Rise of Gig Economy and Protection of Gig Workers'Rights and Interests--An Enlightenment of the US"California Gig Economy Act"

与传统的全职工作相比,零工工作具有灵活性强、限制少、效率高等特点,因而零工经济对于劳动者、企业、政府都具有积极意义。但是目前迫切需要解决的是零工劳动者的身份界定问题,这关系到其合法权益的保障。2020年1月1日生效的美国《加州零工经济法》将过去用来区分零工劳动者究竟是雇员还是独立承揽人的Borello检验标准改为ABC检验标准。新标准的实施有利于认定零工劳动者为雇员,从而有效地保护了劳动者权益,对我国未来给予零工劳动者明确的法律保障具有较强的借鉴价值。

Part-time jobs,compared with traditional full-time jobs,have the characteristics of stronger flexibility,fewer restrictions,and higher efficiency.The gig economy,hence,has positive significance for workers,enterprises,and the government as well.However,what urgently needs to be resolved at present is the definition of the identity of gig workers,which is related to the protection of their legitimate rights and interests.California's recently issued gig economy law which has actually changed the Borello inspection standard used to distinguish whether gig workers are employees or independent contractors to the ABC inspection standard.The implementation of the new standard is conducive to the identification of gig workers as employees,and thereby,it effectively protects the rights and interests of workers,and also has a strong reference value for future legal protection of gig workers in our country.