玛咖活性成分及其淀粉研究进展

Recent Progress in Research on Bioactive Components and Starch of Lepidium meyenii

玛咖属于十字花科独行菜属食用和药用草本植物,原产于秘鲁安第斯高海拔山区,目前已在我国云南等地引种成功,并被批准为新资源食品。玛咖含有活性多糖、生物碱、芥子油苷、甾醇、黄酮等活性成分,具有抗疲劳、抗氧化、免疫调节、提高生育力、调节内分泌和抗肿瘤等生物活性。除此之外,玛咖还含有丰富的营养物质,如淀粉、蛋白质、氨基酸等。本文综述了玛咖生物活性成分的提取、分离纯化、含量检测、生物活性及玛咖淀粉的研究现状,以期为玛咖的深入研究和综合开发利用提供参考。

Maca(Lepidium meyenii)is a culinary and medicinal herb belonging to the Brassicaceae family.Maca originates in the high plateaus of the Andes of Peru,and now it has been introduced successfully in Yunnan and other places in China.Maca has been approved as a new food resource and contains lots of bioactive compounds,including polysaccharides,alkaloids,glucosinolates,sterols,and flavonoids.These compounds show a variety of biological activities,such as anti-fatigue,antioxidant,immunoregulatory,fertility-promoting,endocrine regulatory and anti-tumor effects.Maca tubers are also rich in nutrients such as protein,starch and amino acids.This paper briefly reviews the current status of studies on the extraction,purification,quantitative analysis and evaluation of bioactive components in Maca and of studies on Maca starch,which is expected to provide reference for further research and utilization of Maca.