既有建筑更新中预制空心板结构相关问题探讨

Discussion of Relevant Problems of Precast Hollow Slab Structures in Renovation of Existing Building

上世纪60—80年代,因施工便捷、现场工作量小等因素,预制空心板得到了较广泛的应用。由于房屋建造年代久远,使用过程中可能多次装修,存在楼面面层较厚、楼面荷载增加等问题,部分房屋甚至存在预制板开洞等损坏现象,在既有建筑更新中,需要重视预制板楼、屋盖的结构安全问题。文章对多个既有建筑更新项目进行调查、归纳,梳理出影响预制板结构安全性的关键问题,即预制板楼面或屋面恒载、图纸缺失情况下的预制板承载力问题及预制板存在的开洞等损坏问题。结合工程案例,对如何解决上述问题进行了较为详细的阐述,为确定后续使用功能、消除结构安全隐患等方面提供技术依据。

Precast hollow slabs were widely used in 1960s-1980s for easy construction,low field workload and other factors.Due to the houses have been constructed long ago and renovated for multiple times,there are problems such as thick floor topping and increased floor loading.And there may be even damages in some houses such as open holes on slabs.In renovation of existing buildings,it has to pay attention to structural safety of precast slab and roof.By investigating and concluding multiple renovation projects of existing building,this paper sorts out key problems on affecting the structural safety of precast slabs,i.e.the problem of precast slab bearing capacity while dead load and drawings of precast slab floor or roof are missing as well as the damage problem such as open holds on precast slabs.By combining engineering cases,this paper elaborates on how to solve above problems and provides technical bases for determining the subsequent using functions and eliminating hidden structural trouble.