乌骨鸡黑色素合成、转运及分布机制的研究进展

Research Progress on Synthesis,Transport and Distribute of Melanin Mechanisms in Black-bone Chicken

黑色素是有机体内重要的复合物质,既是生物色彩多样的直接原因,也在抵抗紫外线、抗氧化以及动物群体间的信息交流等许多关键的生物过程中扮演重要角色。而在禽类中,由于黑色素的过度沉积形成一类特别的鸡种——乌骨鸡,乌骨鸡是一种药食两用而兼具美观的独特鸡种,因其独特外观与营养价值高深受消费者青睐。乌骨鸡间的乌度存在差异,这与它全身各组织器官的黑色素沉积程度相关,但是对于黑色素在乌骨鸡体内沉积存在差异的原因尚不清楚,多认为是环境因素与遗传因素共同作用所致。文章在分析近年来各类黑色素合成、转运及分布机制的相关研究基础上,尝试对乌骨鸡体内黑色素合成并在各组织器官沉积的整个过程进行综述,以期为今后解释乌骨鸡的成因提供参考。

Melanin is an important compound in the organism. It is not only the direct cause of the diversity of biological colors, but also plays an important role in many key biological processes such as resistance to ultraviolet rays, antioxidants and information exchange between animals. In poultry, due to the excessive deposition of melanin, a special breed called black-bone chicken was born, which is a unique breed of chicken as food and medicine and also with beautiful appearance. Because of its unique appearance and high nutritional value, black-bone chicken is deeply loved and sought by consumers. There are differences in the degree of blackness among black-bone chickens, which is related to the degree of melanin deposition in the tissues and organs of the whole body. However, the reason for the difference in the deposition of melanin in black-bone chicken is still unclear and the current views focused on environmental factors and genetic factors. This article collected relevant research on various melanin synthesis, transport and distribution mechanisms in recent years and attempted to summarize the entire process of melanin synthesis and deposition in various tissues and organs for black-bone chickens. It was hoped to provide a reference for explaining the causes of black-bone chickens in the future.