大学科研人员学术创业意愿的影响因素及其作用路径研究

Factors influencing academic entrepreneurial intentions among academics and their acting paths

基于经济因素与心理因素整合的视角,构建大学科研人员学术创业意愿影响因素分析模型。以长三角地区八所大学理工科领域的605位科研人员为研究对象,运用结构方程模型,实证检验大学科研人员学术创业意愿的影响因素及其作用路径。研究发现大学科研人员学术创业意愿总体不强;"社会资本网络"、"大学组织网络"、"社会关系网络"对学术创业意愿具有直接的显著正向影响;"创业态度"、"创业机会识别自我效能"分别在"社会网络"与"学术创业意愿"之间起到中介作用。不同性别下,部分变量对学术创业意愿的作用机制存在差异。因此,建议实施社会网络"拓宽与加深"的双重导向,拓宽学术创业者的社会网络结构、增强网络关系嵌入度和信任度,提升网络支持力度,促进学术创业意愿的形成。

With the cross-integration of the scientific and economic fields,more and more university teachers and researchers carry out academic entrepreneurship,developing academic achievements into technology,products or services.Academic entrepreneurship intention is the subjective attitude and behavior tendency of potential entrepreneurs about whether to engage in academic entrepreneurship activities.It is a prerequisite factor that directly affects entrepreneurial behavior and can effectively predict entrepreneurial behavior.The study from the perspective of an integration of economics and psychology is becoming a new trend of the research on academic entrepreneurial intentions.This study integrates psychological and economic factors into one theoretical framework,thereby developing a hypothesis model of academic entrepreneurship intentions(AEIs)to explore the AEIs of university researchers.Structural equation modeling is used to examine the hypothesis model based on a sample of 605 researchers in the science and engineering field from seven universities in Yangtze River Delta in China.Results show that the"social relationship network","social capital network",and"university organization network"exert a direct and significant effect on AEIs.Moreover,"entrepreneurial attitude"and"entrepreneurial self-efficacy on opportunity recognition"play a mediating role between"social network"and"AEIs".For different genders,certain factors have different effects on AEIs.According to the research findings,this paper offers the following suggestions:First,social relationship networks demand to broaden the network structure and enhance the degree of relationship embedding.On the one hand,we should break through the path dependence of personal social networks,and obtain the resources needed for entrepreneurship through communication and contact with colleagues who are starting a business,college students and alumni,so as to enhance the entrepreneurial attitude and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on opportunity recognition.On the other hand,the role informal channels play should be paid attention to,such as building an entrepreneur community,to deepen the embeddedness of the established relationship networks and to obtain more supports of emotion,information and techniques for entrepreneurship.Second,social capital networks ask to strengthen the relationship between entrepreneurs and social capital networks.On the one hand,university scientific researchers should pay attention to carrying out applied research,forming scientific research results that can be entrepreneurial,so as to increase the bargaining chips for business negotiations with enterprises and customers,and enhance their ability to regulate the direction of social capital networks development.On the other hand,it is essential to standardize the cooperation between entrepreneurs and enterprises through contracts,and enhance the trust between the various entities in the social network.Third,university organization networks require to improve entrepreneurial organizations,entrepreneurial systems and entrepreneurial culture.The first is to establish and improve specialized institutions for technology transfer to provide more professional services for university researchers in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in academic entrepreneurship,intellectual property rights,business negotiations,enterprise creation and operation management.The second is to improve the construction of academic entrepreneurship system by encouraging and supporting scientific researchers to start a business on or off the job.Clarify details such as the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into asset,and income distribution ratio,to stimulate entrepreneurship.The third is to integrate entrepreneurship culture into scientific research through the construction of"Maker Space","Entrepreneurship Clubs"and other channels to form an integrated innovation and entrepreneurship culture.Besides,different strategies should be taken to develop AEIs of scientific researchers of different genders.For female researchers,attention should be paid to developing their personal social network,and striving for the support of their families and colleagues for their academic entrepreneurship.