浙江沿海城市化时空格局演变及其对生境质量的影响——基于InVEST模型的研究

Characterizing spatiotemporal dynamics and impacts of coastal urbanization on habitat quality in response to coastal booms

采用InVEST模型和GIS空间分析方法,测度1980-2015年期间浙江沿海城市化时空格局分异特征及其生境质量演变规律。结果表明:(1)35年间,浙江沿海城市建设用地持续扩张,北部沿海城市以及宁波市的建设用地强度最高,温台地区相对较弱。嘉兴市建设扩张最为迅速,舟山市扩张最为缓慢,且各区县建设扩张强度差距逐渐加大。(2)从空间格局看,沿海建设用地扩张整体呈现北部强于南部、近海强于内陆的趋势。其景观变化呈显著空间自相关性,景观格局由蔓延式、破碎化、形状复杂逐渐向集聚态势转变。以杭州、宁波、温州为核心的“三大都市经济圈”发展格局已显雏形。(3)资源禀赋限制生境质量的总体水平,而产业发展与建设用地剧烈扩张导致浙江沿海生境持续退化,尤其在环杭州湾和核心城市区域的生境较差。随着海洋经济战略推进,宁波—舟山区域优势凸显,近15年舟山市主要海岛生境质量明显退化。在融入长三角一体化发展和新基础设施建设背景下,浙江沿海区域要摸清城市空间生态基地,强化对社会经济—生态系统耦合的多元互动过程的理解,优化“分级、分区、分类”用途管控和城市系统精细布局,重视新型基础设施升级的空间赋能效应,提升城市空间韧性和治理效能,优化促进区域协调可持续发展。

Through the integration of remote sensing technology,landscape theory,and the InVEST model,this study systematically investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of urban expansion and habitat changes in response to rapid urbanization and economic booms in the coastal region of Zhejiang Province,China.Among the three urban agglomerations,46 counties were considered when examining the differences in urbanization spatial patterns.Results indicated that during 1980–2010,the urban areas of the coastal region expanded significantly,with a total land increase of over 162.5%.The highest intensity of urban land was observed in the Hang-Jia-Shao urban agglomeration,while the Wenzhou-Taizhou region tended to be relatively low.Meanwhile,Jiaxing demonstrated the fastest urban expansion(34.17%),and the slowest expansion was in the Zhoushan area(9.47%).Throughout the study period,the gap in urban expansion intensity was magnified among the counties.The urban landscapes became more dominant,irregular,and compact,as evidenced by notable spatial autocorrelation and four landscape index changes.During the last decade,accelerated spatial aggregation of urban land in coastal zones suggested that the governmental guidance of development patterns around the“three big city circles”had been established.The findings further revealed that the significant urban expansion caused a continuous deterioration in habitat quality within the 30-year period,particularly in the northern region and major cities in the Zhejiang coastal region.Moreover,the habitat quality had been good in the Zhoushan area until recently when it experienced significant degradation in response to the increasingly interactive development of Ningbo and Zhoushan.With respect to coastal booming and new infrastructure construction in the Yangtze River Delta,the coastal cities in Zhejiang Province should improve their understanding of the multiple interactive processes that occur between the social economy and coupling ecosystem.To do so,these cities must attach importance to the impact that new infrastructure upgrading has on space,optimize the refined urban spatial layout,improve coastal resilience,and promote coordinated regional and sustainable development.