外泌体在脂肪分化与脂代谢中作用的研究进展

Research progress of the effects of exosomes on adipogenic differentiation and lipid metabolism

外泌体是体液中一种由多种细胞分泌的直径为30~200nm的微小囊泡。它以旁分泌或内分泌方式起作用,通过膜融合、内吞等作用机制,介导细胞信号传递,进而影响细胞间通讯,在多种生物学过程中发挥至关重要的作用。研究发现,外泌体能够通过调控脂肪分化特异基因、脂肪生成相关酶等因子的表达,介导细胞外信号调节激酶信号通路等作用机制,参与调节脂肪分化及脂肪代谢。外泌体能够反映肥胖及相关代谢性疾病的病情,是参与诊断和治疗肥胖的潜在指标及靶点之一,具有重要的临床价值。

Exosomes is a kind of microvesicles with diameter of 30-200 nm secreted by many kinds of cells in body fluid.It acts in paracrine or endocrine ways,mediates cell signal transmission through mechanisms such as membrane fusion and endocytosis,then affects intercellular communication and plays a vital role in a variety of biological processes.Studies have found that exosomes can participate in the regulation of adipogenic differentiation and lipid metabolism by regulating the expression of adipose differentiation-specific genes,lipogenesis-related enzymes and other factors,as well as mediating extracellular signal-regulated kinases signal pathway and other mechanisms.Exosomes can reflect the condition of obesity and related metabolic diseases,and is one of the potential indicators and targets to participate in the diagnosis and treatment of obesity,and has important clinical value.