社会参与对老年人心理健康的影响——基于CLASS追踪调查数据的实证分析

The Influence of Social Participation on the Mental Health of the Elderly—Empirical Analysis Based on CLASS Tracking Survey Data

在积极应对人口老龄化、促进老年人力资源开发的背景下,文章基于中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS)2014年和2016年两期面板数据,运用固定效应模型实证分析了老年人参与社会生产性活动对其心理健康的影响。实证结果显示,老年人参与有偿劳动、照料孙子女、志愿活动、社区投票选举对心理健康均有显著正向影响,且参与活动的数量越多,对心理健康的正向作用越大。该结果表明老年人参与生产性活动时,获得的积极情绪多于消极情绪,老年人仍然有自我实现的需求。基于上述结果,研究建议从多主体角度为老年人参与社会活动创造条件,如逐步推行弹性退休制度、在社区建立老年人才中心、积极引导经验丰富的老年人参与志愿服务,肯定老年人在社会参与中发挥的重要作用。

Under the background of actively coping with the aging of the population and promoting the development of human resources for the elderly,based on the panel data of China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey(Class)in 2014 and 2016,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of the participation of the elderly in social productive activities on their mental health by using the fixed effect model.The empirical results show that elderly people’s participation in paid labor,care for grandchildren,voluntary activities and community voting have significant positive effects on mental health,and the greater the number of activities,the greater the positive effect on mental health.The results show that when the elderly participate in productive activities,they obtain more positive emotions than negative emotions,and the elderly still have the need for self-realization.Based on the above results,the study suggests to create conditions for the elderly to participate in social activities from a multi-subject perspective,such as gradually implementing a flexible retirement system,establishing elderly talent centers in the community,actively guiding experienced elderly to participate in voluntary service,and affirming the important role of the elderly in social participation.