北京与上海地区中国荷斯坦牛长寿性及淘汰原因分析

Analysis of Longevity and Elimination Reason of Chinese Holstein inBeijing and Shanghai Regions

长寿性(Longevity,LON)是度量奶牛使用年限的功能性状,是奶牛终身生产效益的最重要指标之一,长寿性好的奶牛拥有更高的产奶量,并能生产更多后代和降低牛群更新成本。本研究旨在通过分析北京与上海地区中国荷斯坦牛的离群数据,比较不同地区、不同规模牧场的奶牛长寿性、淘汰原因及淘汰胎次,为提高奶牛长寿性提供依据。利用Excel和R软件,对北京首农畜牧、上海奶牛育种中心及北京区县共计96个牛场的166027条母牛淘汰数据进行分析。结果表明:三者的平均淘汰胎次分别为2.72、2.69和2.62,均小于3胎,在群时间均小于5年。首农畜牧牛场的主要离群原因依次为:消化系统疾病、繁殖障碍疾病、乳房疾病、低产和肢蹄疾病;上海奶牛中心为:乳房疾病、繁殖障碍疾病、肢蹄疾病、消化系统疾病和呼吸系统疾病;北京区县为:繁殖障碍疾病、乳房疾病、消化系统疾病、肢蹄疾病和传染病。本研究结果可为北京与上海地区荷斯坦牛群提高生产寿命以及实施平衡育种提供依据。

Longevity is a kind of functional trait to measure the useful life of dairy cow,and one of the most important indicators of the lifetime production efficiency of dairy cows.Cows with long production life have higher milk yield and milk composition,producing more offspring and reducing herds replacement costs.This study aims to compare the difference of longevity traits,elimination reasons and elimination parity of dairy cows among different scales farms and among different regions.By using Excel and R software,we analyzed the elimination data of 166027 Chinese Holstein cows in total from 96 farms of three regions including Beijing Sunlon Animal Husbandry Development Company,Shanghai Dairy Cattle Breeding Center and Beijing rural areas.The results showed that the average of eliminating parity was less than three parities,which was 2.72,2.69 and 2.62 respectively,and the average of herd life was less than five years in the three regions.The main eliminating reasons in Beijing Sunlon company successively are:digestive diseases,reproductive diseases,mastitis,low milk production,leg and foot disease.The main eliminating reasons in Shanghai are:mastitis,reproductive diseases,leg and foot disease,digestive diseases and respiratory diseases.While the eliminating reasons in Beijing rural areas are:reproductive diseases,mastitis,digestive diseases,leg and foot disease and infectious diseases.Our findings provided a basis for improving production life and implementing balanced breeding for Holstein herds in Beijing and Shanghai regions.