我国国有企业自生能力的评价及培育

Evaluation and Cultivation of the Self-supporting Ability of State-owned Enterprises in China

根据平均利润就是等量资金、等量收入、等量人员得到等量利润的经济实质,把国有工业的总资产、净资产、主营业务收入、职工总数的利润额与全部工业的总资产、净资产、主营业务收入、职工总数的利润额的比值,作为衡量平均利润率变化的标准化指标。这些指标的计算结果表明,国有工业的自生能力随着改革深化逐渐增强。国有企业的改制和非国有企业进入障碍的消除,不仅使国有企业垄断的部门逐渐减少,而且它们的利润率和一般性产业、竞争性产业中的国有企业的利润率有趋同的迹象,表明充分竞争的市场环境正在形成。国有企业产权改革绩效会随着时间推移被逐渐稀释掉,国有企业的绩效会随着进入市场年限的增长逐渐显现出来,表明发育充分竞争的市场环境的重要性。为了促进国有企业增强自生能力,凡是可以采用市场化方式实施的那部分国家战略采用市场化方式,难以采用市场化方式实施的那部分国家战略,事先把需承担的义务和应得到的补偿界定清楚,解决长期以来把经济绩效和社会责任混淆在一起产生的问题。

According to the economic essence that average profit is equal amount of capital,equal amount of income and equal amount of personnel getting equal amount of profit,the ratio of total assets,net assets,main business income and total staff profit of state-owned industry to total assets,net assets,main business income and total number of employees of state-owned industry as the standardized index to measure the change of average profit rate.The calculation results of these indicators show that the self-supporting ability of state-owned industries is gradually enhanced with the deepening of reform.The restructuring of state-owned enterprises and the elimination of barriers to entry of non-state-owned enterprises not only reduce the monopoly departments of state-owned enterprises,but also show that their profit margins are similar to those of state-owned enterprises in general and competitive industries,indicating that a fully competitive market environment is being formed.The performance of state-owned enterprises’property rights reform will be gradually diluted with the passage of time,and the performance of state-owned enterprises will gradually show up with the growth of their entry into the market,indicating the importance of developing a fully competitive market environment.In order to promote the self-reliance of state-owned enterprises,the part of national strategies that can be implemented in a market-oriented way should adopt a market-oriented approach,and those parts of national strategies that are difficult to implement in a market-oriented way should be clearly defined in advance,so as to solve the problem of confusing economic performance with social responsibility for a long time.