三焦概念演变管见

Discussion of the evolvement of Sanjiao’s conception

三焦在《黄帝内经》中的概念具有跳跃性,其与腠理、营卫、原气、人体部位划分皆有不可割裂的关系,这是因为"焦"字,乃借"膲"字表"肉不满"引申而来,后引申为运行营卫气水至体表全身的通道,随着血脉循环第二个动力点的发现,三焦又出现了通行原气的功能,故《黄帝内经》有时言气出上焦,有时言气出下焦,后世对于三焦的不同诠释,大多基于《黄帝内经》发展而来,其中论及的三焦部位划分则演变成清朝温病学派三焦辨证的解剖学基础。

The concept of Sanjiao in Huangdi Neijing has a leaping nature,and it has an inseparable relationship with skin texture,nutrient and defensive,original qi,and the division of human body parts.This is because the word‘Jiao’(焦)is derived from the word‘Jiao’(膲),which means‘The meat is not full’.At first this word was used to express skin texture,and then the its meaning extended to the channel that transports nutrient and defensive qi and water to the whole body.With the discovery of the second dynamic point of the blood circulation,Sanjiao had a new function passing the original qi.Therefore,Huangdi Neijing sometimes says that qi comes from upper jiao,sometimes says qi comes from lower jiao.The different interpretations of Sanjiao in later generations were mostly developed from Huangdi Neijing,and the division of the Sanjiao discussed in it evolved into the basis of anatomy of Sanjiao syndrome differentiation of school of warm diseases in Qing dynasty.