潜在危险性小行星偏转方法研究现状

Development of potentially hazardous asteroid deflection technology

具有潜在危险性的小行星偏转问题不断受到重视,多种偏转方法被提出。小行星偏转的主要目的是通过改变小行星的原始运行轨道,减轻小行星对地球安全所造成的威胁。目前提出的各类小行星偏转方法可归为脉冲法和慢推力法两类。其中,脉冲法主要包括核攻击和动能撞击方法;慢推力方法包括引力牵引、激光消融、离子束引导、质量驱动器、太阳能辐射等方法。同时,跟踪最新提出的几种偏转方法,概括每种小行星偏转方法的适用性及优缺点,总结小行星偏转关键技术,展望小行星偏转技术的未来发展趋势。

The defense of potentially hazardous asteroids has been paid more and more attention. Many asteroid deflection methods have been proposed. The main purpose of asteroid deflection is to deflect their original orbits and mitigate the threaten to the Earth. The existing deflection methods could be divided into two types:instantaneous deflection approaches and slow push deflection techniques. Instantaneous deflection approaches included nuclear interceptor and kinetic impactor. Slow push deflection referred to gravity tractor,laser ablation,ion-beam shepherd,mass driver,solar collector,etc. The paper also introduced the new deflection methods proposed in recent years. Advantages and disadvantages were summarized for each deflection methods. Some key trends of the development of asteroid deflection technology in future were proposed.