一流本科教育的本原价值及高深知识实践共同体的构建

The Original Value of the First-class Undergraduate Education and the Construction of Advanced Knowledge Practice Community

建设一流本科教育是双一流大学建设的关键,人类教育轴心期所确立的三大教育价值则成为范导其实践的本原价值。具体而言,柏拉图的理念倾向于客观事物之本质或规律的归纳,探索的是物之性,表现为真;孔子的仁侧重于人事关系之本质或规律的抽象,探索的是人之性,表现为善;老子的道则是宇宙运演之规律,探索的是自然之性,是理念或仁之所以发生运转的依据,表现为和谐之美。美是真善的和合,也是真善的皈依。道、仁和理念这三个概念组成为一个统一的教育价值结构有机体,与一流本科教育在实践与价值相统一的意义上互为表里,相滋共进。受泛化的物质功利主义哲学和精致的计算主义哲学的影响,一流本科教育实践弱化了教育本原价值的存在,致使其内涵建设和发展受到了很大的阻碍。为了从根本上提升本科教育质量,促其一流化建设和发展,新时代的大学需要遵循教育的本原价值,立足社会的真实需要,以社会的真实需要为知识发生的逻辑起点,致力于高深知识的学习、创新和应用,彰显高深知识的人文塑造性、技术转化性、社会服务性、世界生成性和存在解放性等五大基本性质,破解人性和物性之双螺旋结构无限优化完善的秘密。根据现实的大学存在形态,不同类型的大学需要根据自身的实际情况以教育的本原价值为基本圭臬,分类建构高深知识实践共同体。分而言之,文理科为主的大学主要围绕学理性的基础研究,工科为主的大学主要围绕技术的创造发明,产业/行业型大学主要围绕技术的应用,音乐、师范等特色专业型大学则应围绕艺术的实践磨练等建设学术共同体。总之,必须使教育的本原价值不仅在基础和应用研究、创新创业和产教融合中,还要在伟大的社会实践中,在学生鲜活的人格形塑中得到全面澄明和实现。如是,一流本科教育的内涵发展方能突破各种不利因素的阻碍,不断臻于理想之境。

The construction of the first-class undergraduate education is the key to the construction of the"Double First-Class" universities, and the three values established in the axial period of human education have become the original values that guide its practice. Specifically speaking, Plato’s idea tends to summarize the law of objective things, explores the nature of things, and manifests itself as truth. Confucius’ s benevolence focuses on the abstraction of the law of personnel relations and explores the nature of people, which is manifested as goodness. Laozi’s Tao is the law of the operation and development of the universe, exploring the nature of the universe and the basis for the operation of idea or benevolence, which is manifested as natural and harmonious beauty. Beauty is the combination of the truth and the goodness and also the aim of them. The three concepts have constituted a unified value structure, and they are the same as the first-class undergraduate education in the sense of unity of practice and value. Under the influence of generalized materialistic utilitarianism and sophisticated computationalism, the university practice weakens the original value of undergraduate education, which makes the connotation construction and development of the first-class undergraduate education greatly limited. In order to improve the quality of undergraduate education fundamentally and promote its first-class construction and development, universities should follow its original value, base on the real needs of the society and take it as the logical starting point of knowledge occurrence,devote themselves to the learning, innovation and application of advanced knowledge, and show the five basic properties of advanced knowledge, such as cultivation of humanistic quality, technology transformation, social service, world generativity and liberation of existence, and unlock the secrets of the infinite perfection of the double helix of human nature and physical nature. As per the specifically different types of universities, it is necessary to construct a community of advanced knowledge practice according to the different situation. The universities of liberal and science can mainly focus on rational basic research, the universities of engineering can mainly focus on technology innovation, the universities of industry may focus on technology application,and the universities of music, normal education and other characteristics can stress the practice and training of art to build academic communities. In a word, the original value of undergraduate education should be fully clarified and realized not only in basic research, applied research, innovation, integration of industry and education, but also in social practice and in the vivid personality shaping of students. In this way, the connotation construction and development of first-class undergraduate education can break through the obstacles of various negative factors and reach the ideal situation continuously.