美国高等教育现代化:战略主题、基本特征及发展趋势

The Strategic Themes,Basic Characteristics and Development Trend of the Modernization of American Higher Education

美国高等教育现代化发展战略是美国当局根据高等教育和社会未来发展趋势而做出的以文本为表现形式的教育规划。自特朗普就任以来,美国通过出台相关战略性规划推动其高等教育现代化再上新台阶,其战略主题主要集中在质量保障、市场一体化、教育公平、教育国际化和教育信息化等方面,并彰显出以学生学业成就与发展为关注重点,注重教育质量与公平、教育经费使用效率,提供多元的高等教育机会、培养具备全球胜任力的人才等特征。美国高等教育现代化在发展趋势上主要聚焦在主体参与、层级目标、保障机制和重点领域等层面;未来美国将会进一步拓宽市场和州政府参与空间、提升学生能力和美国竞争力、加强问责与数字技术使用以及通过STEM教育和国际教育培养高素质人才。宏观整体理解美国高等教育现代化战略主题与发展趋势,对推进我国高等教育现代化建设具有一定战略意义。

The modernization development strategy of higher education in America is a textual educational program made by the American authorities in accordance with future development trend of higher education and society.Since President Trump came to power in 2017,the federal government has issued relevant strategic plans to promote its higher education modernization to a new level.Their strategic themes mainly focus on quality assurance,market integration,education equity,education internationalization and informatization,etc.,and highlight their emphases on students’academic achievements and development,education quality and equity,education fund use efficiency,diversified higher education opportunities,and globally competent talent.The development trend is primarily towards entity participation,level targets,supporting mechanism,and key areas;in future,the U.S.will further expand market and state governments participation,improve the competitiveness of students and the nation as a whole,strengthen accountability mechanism and the use of digital technology,and cultivate high-quality talent through STEM and international education.Understanding the strategic themes and development trend of American higher education modernization from a macro perspective is of practical and strategic significance for that of China.