民法典背景下无人机侵害个人隐私的法律规制

When Drone Comes:The Protection of Privacy in Civil Law Code Background

无人机正处于商业化发展浪潮之中,并被电商、房地产、广告等行业广泛使用。然而,民用无人机的快速普及成为了个人隐私信息的巨大隐患:无人机可飞抵人类无法到达的位置收集的大量高清图像造成个人隐私泄露,与此同时我国缺乏民用无人机收集个人信息的详细、有效的保护机制。造成这种情况的根本原因在于,传统隐私空间以物理作为界限,而无人机模糊了公共空间与隐私空间的界限。因此,民法典隐私权救济路径与行政监管路径应同时发挥作用。一方面,应将隐私空间从物理空间发展至“以人为中心”,完善民法典提供的隐私权利救济路径,设立利于被侵权人的举证规则。并且,通过无人机标识制度实现民法典中的收集个人信息知情同意规则。另一方面,应加强对无人机收集数据飞行的行政监管,并通过空管系统建立飞行的备案、识别制度,并为被侵权人提供无人机相关信息。

In the background of commercialization of UAS,major industries like e-commerce,real estate,and advertising are using UAS as a tool to expand their business empires.Meanwhile,the speedy expansion of UAS causes safety issues to personal information in two aspects.For one,drones collect an ocean of high-resolution pictures at locations inaccessible by people,and leak personal privacy.For another,China lacks a specific and effective protection system for personal information collected by civilian drones.The key reason is that,different from physical boundary of traditional private space,the boundary between public and private spaces is blurred by drones.Therefore,Civil Law Code relief for personal privacy and administrative regulation should function simultaneously.Private space should be expanded from physical space to“human-centered”space.The Civil Law Code relief procedures for private rights should be perfected by adding proof rules in favor of the infringed.Also,the notified-and-agreed rule for personal information collection in the code should be validated by labeling drones.In the meantime,administrative regulation over drone flights for data collection should be strengthened by filing and identifying flights through air traffic control system,and providing the infringed with relevant information on drones concerned.