政府考察学习如何影响政策扩散?——以县级融媒体中心政策为例

How Does Horizontal Onsite Learning Affect Policy Diffusion?——A Case Study of County-Level Converged Media Center Policy

【问题】“取经学习”是地方政府实现政策知识转移与政策扩散的有效渠道,既有文献对横向府际考察学习与政策扩散的逻辑关联缺乏系统阐释。府际考察学习对政策扩散的演化过程存在何种影响?其影响又借由何种作用机制得以实现?【方法】论文以县级融媒体中心政策为案例,基于政府官网信息及新闻报道,提取出考察学习活动数据及建设进度数据,借此对其政策扩散过程及附属考察学习活动进行深度追踪与剖析。【发现】(1)考察学习作为一种信息交流渠道实现了政策知识在源创新者与潜在采纳者之间的转移,影响潜在采纳者的政策认知效能和政策执行绩效;(2)就作用机制而言,考察学习通过“知识转化机制”实现了对外部政策知识(尤其是隐性知识)的有效获取,“距离调节机制”以辅助角色加速政策知识转移过程;(3)县级融媒体中心政策的知识源呈现“一核多源”的扇状分布结构,满足了学习者的异质性知识需求,增加了政策扩散网络的渠道及节点密度,在两大机制共同作用下加速了其政策扩散过程。【贡献】本文构建了横向府际考察学习影响政策扩散的过程分析框架,并揭示了府际考察学习影响政策扩散的作用机制,增进了对地方治理中广泛存在的“取经学习”行为的理解。

Motivation:Horizontal onsite learning helps realize knowledge transfer and policy diffusion among different jurisdictions.However,the existing literature has paid limited attention to the process characteristics and mechanisms of horizontal intergovernmental learning.Therefore,what influence does horizontal onsite learning have on the evolution of policy diffusion?And,what mechanism is used to achieve its impact?Methodology:The paper uses the County-level Converged Media Center(CCMC)policy as a case.Based on the government's official website information and news reports,we extracted data on horizontal onsite learning activities and the construction progress so as to track and analyze its policy diffusion process and affiliated onsite learning activities.Findings:(1)Onsite learning,as an information exchange channel,realizes knowledge transfer between innovation sources and potential adopters;it also affects the policy perception efficiency and policy execution performance of learners.(2)With respect to its mechanisms,knowledge conversion enables the effective acquisition of external policy knowledge(especially tacit knowledge);and,distance adjustment accelerates the process of policy knowledge transfer in an auxiliary role.(3)The external knowledge sources of CCMC policy are distributed as a one-core and multi-point structure;this meets the heterogeneous knowledge needs of learners and increases the channel and node density of its policy diffusion network.Eventually,the two major mechanisms jointly will form the non-incremental outbreak of CMCC policy.Contribution:By bridging these two corresponding processes,this paper constructs the theoretical framework for how horizontal onsite learning affects policy diffusion.More importantly,it reveals how the knowledge conversion mechanism and the distance adjustment mechanism through which onsite learning facilitates the policy diffusion process.