国际国家公园管理研究知识图谱分析及启示

Knowledge Graph Analysis and Enlightenment of Research Progress of International National Park Management System.

国家公园制度是目前世界各国广泛使用的保护地模式。该研究以1990—2019年间的“Web of Science核心合集”相关文献为基础数据源,利用CiteSpace软件对国家公园管理制度的国际研究状况进行知识图谱分析。结果表明,近30 a国际国家公园管理研究可分为3个阶段,2016年来该领域文献量明显增加,美国、澳大利亚、加拿大等国家和机构研究成果比重较大,中国比重较小;旅游或游憩、保护和社区是近30 a国家公园管理制度研究的三大重要命题,相对应的管理研究对象大致为公民或消费者、国家公园生态系统和周边社区利益相关者,消费者行为或偏好、管理政策或保障、利益分配机制是管理研究的3个关键点;计量模型分析是当前领域研究的重要手段;该领域重要的研究前沿包括保护理念下的国家公园旅游或游憩、社区与国家公园的利益协调和基于游客感知的国家公园游憩服务。该研究从顶层制度建设、资金保障体系、社区协调机制3个方面对中国国家公园发展提出了借鉴建议。

National park system is currently widely used as a protected area pattern in various countries around the world.Based on the relevant documents of the"Web of Science Core Collection"from 1990 to 2019,this paper analyzes the knowledge map of the international research status of national park management system using CiteSpace software.The re⁃sults show that the research on international national park management system in the past three decades can be divided into three stages.Since 2016,this field has been receiving more attention from international scholars.Most of the academic re⁃searches come from the United States,Australia,Canada,and other countries and institutions.The proportion of relevant research from China is small.Tourism or recreation,protection,and community are the three main issues studied in the field of national park management system in the past three decades.The corresponding objects of management research are roughly citizens or consumers,national park ecosystems,and stakeholders surrounding communities.Consumer behavior or preferences,management policies or guarantees,and benefit distribution mechanisms are the three key points of manage⁃ment system research.Econometric model analysis is currently an important research method in the field.Important re⁃search frontiers in this field include national park tourism or recreation under the concept of conservation,coordination of interests between community and national park,and recreation service of national park based on tourists′perception.This paper provides suggestions for the development of China′s national parks from the following three aspects:top⁃level system construction,fund guarantee system,and community coordination mechanism.