水资源管理的转折

A Turning Point in Water Resources Management

淡水资源的稀缺给世界的发展提出了挑战。为了应对气候变化,联合国于21世纪提出了“基于自然的解决方案”,得到了世界各国的广泛支持和认同。同时,基于自然的解决方案也为水资源管理提供了新选择。为了更加有效地管理和利用稀缺的淡水资源,欧盟把基于自然的解决方案作为应对流域水安全挑战的第一道防线;美国视其为解决城市洪涝问题的重要手段;中国依据生态文明的思想,把基于自然的解决方案和城市排水系统改造相结合,在全国开展了大规模海绵城市建设。从世界范围看,各国都在根据各自的实际情况探索水资源管理的新途径,21世纪的水资源管理迎来了新的转折——从依靠水利工程对流域水资源进行分配调度的管理,走向了基于水利工程技术的方案、基于自然的解决方案彼此融合的管理。为适应新转折,我国要加强利用基于自然的解决方案,提高水患防御水平,增强水资源短缺、水环境污染、水生态损害等新问题的应对能力。

The scarcity of freshwater resources is a challenge to the world development.In order to deal with climate change,the United Nations proposed a nature-based solution in the 21st century,which has won broad support and recognition from countries around the world.At the same time,nature-based solutions also provide new options for water resources management.To manage and utilize scarce freshwater resources more effectively,the European Union has adopted nature-based solutions as its first line of defense against watershed water security challenges.The United States regards nature-based solutions as an essential means to solve urban flooding problems.Based on ecological civilization,China has combined nature-based solutions with the renovation of urban drainage systems,and launched large-scale sponge city constructions nationwide.From a global perspective,all countries are exploring new ways of water resources management from their practical conditions.The 21st century water resources management has ushered in a new turning point:from relying on water conservancy projects to manage the distribution of water resources in river basins to the management that based on water conservancy engineering technology and integration with nature-based solutions.To adapt to the new transition,China should strengthen the use of natural-based solutions,improve the level of flood prevention,and enhance the ability to cope with new problems such as water shortages,water pollution,and water ecosystem damage.