农村传统型社会救助的发展困境与路径选择——以精准扶贫为切入点

The Development Dilemma and Path Choice of Rural Traditional Social Assistance——Starting from Targeted Poverty Alleviation

当前我国社会的主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾。社会救助制度作为满足人民美好生活需要的重要载体在“中国式”减贫体系中发挥着重要功能。然而,农村传统生存型社会救助在救助理念、救助范围、救助内容等方面难以与精准扶贫战略思想相契合,未能真正激发贫困者脱贫的内生动力,仅发挥着政策兜底功效。在国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的背景下,有效借鉴发展型社会救助理念的合理内核,转变农村传统型社会救助理念,扩大救助范围,增添救助内容,加强人力资本投资,将社会福利的获取与市场相融合,构建与精准扶贫制度相衔接的农村发展型社会救助体系是破解新时代我国农村社会救助困境、提升贫困治理效能的关键。

At present,the social contradiction in China has been transformed into the contradiction between the people's ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development.Social assistance system,as an important carrier to meet the people's needs for a better life,plays an important role in the poverty reduction system in Chinese style.However,the rural traditional survival social assistance is difficult to agree with the strategic thinking of targeted poverty alleviation in terms of the concept,scope and content of the assistance,and fails to really stimulate the endogenous motive force of the poor to get rid of poverty,and only plays the role of policy guarantee.Under the background of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity,we should effectively learn from the reasonable core of the developmental social assistance concept,change the concept of the rural traditional social assistance,expand the scope of assistance,add the content of assistance,strengthen the investment in human capital,integrate the access to social welfare with the market,and build a rural developmental social assistance system linked with the targeted poverty alleviation institution.It is the key to solve the dilemma of rural social assistance and improve the efficiency of poverty governance in the new era.