全球治理方案与实践的困境

A Study on Theories of Global Governance and Their Practical Dilemma

根据理论关切的主体是国家还是个人,全球治理的各个理论流派可以被划分为国家主义范式和世界主义范式。两种范式在治理主体、治理方式、治理目标和治理对象上都有差异。在处理不同议题时,两种范式各自都有一定的优点。然而,他们却具有相同的缺陷,即无法实现国际社会秩序和正义的兼得。国家主义范式为了维持秩序,主张不干涉原则,可能会损害正义;世界主义范式在追求正义目标之上,不可避免地衍生出对国家内政的干预,而这会损害当前国际秩序的根基。范式的局限性昭示了现实中全球治理方案与实践的不足,这非常明显地体现在全球贫困问题和难民问题的治理中。从根本上解决这两个问题的途径需要我们拥护世界主义范式支持的理念,即要求把个体的关切而不是国家利益当做首要任务。然而,在现实的国际秩序中,国际社会的解决方案仍然是以国家主义范式为主导,部分汲取世界主义理念的营养成分,难以实现正义与秩序的兼得。

According to whether the theoretical concern's subject is a state or an individual,the various schools of global governance can be divided into the nationalist paradigm and the cosmopolitan paradigm.The two paradigms differ in their governing subjects,approaches,goals,and objectives.Both paradigms have certain advantages when dealing with different issues.However,they have the same flaw,that is,the international justice and order cannot be achieved simultaneously.To maintain order,the nationalist paradigm advocates the principle of non-interference which may undermine justice.On the pursuit of the goal of justice,the cosmopolitan paradigm inevitably leads to intervention in the internal affairs of the state,which will undermine the foundation of the current international order.The limitations of the two paradigms indicate the inadequacy of global governance programs and practices,which are clearly reflected in the governance of global poverty and refugee problems.The fundamental solution to these two problems requires us to embrace the notion of a cosmopolitan paradigm that treats the individual concerns rather than national interests as the top priority.However,in reality,the solution of the international community is still dominated by the nationalist paradigm,and only part of the cosmopolitan idea is absorbed,which is difficult to achieve both the justice and order.