传统农耕文化教育传承的实践探索及理性反思——基于红河哈尼梯田文化传承学校的辨析

Practical Exploration and Rational Reflection on the Inheritance of Hani-terrace Cultural Education in Hong-he--Based on the Analysis of Inheriting Schools

教育是传统农耕文化系统得以存续的内在驱力。传统农耕文化的教育传承既要符合实践逻辑,又要遵循理论规律。红河哈尼梯田文化传承学校因其在传承民族传统农耕文化方面的独特性和专业性而被称之为“红河范本”。从实践脉络看,该校历经了从非正式的民间生活教育到正式的普通学校教育再到专门的职业学校教育的历史流变,实践着本土文化传承的现代化转型;从理论逻辑上分析,专门设置的文化传承学校却难免遭遇合理性缺陷:生活世界与科学世界之间原本具有内在张力,文化成人与专业成才之间少不了外部矛盾,而组织效率与文化传统之间实存有现实悖论。在现代化语境下,传统农耕文化的教育传承离不开家庭、社会、学校等多元场域的融合共生,“应景化”的教育方式终究要回归到“随境式”的传承本质,抽离的传统文化传承学校只有融入中华各民族具体生动的生活经验与农田耕作之中,方得以真实而有效地传承。

Hani terrace culture is the spiritual direction of Hani people,and education is the internal driving force for the survival of traditional cultural system.The educational inheritance of national culture should not only conform to the practical logic,but also follow the theoretical laws.The Honghe Hani terrace culture inheritance school is called“Honghe model”because of its uniqueness and professionalism in inheriting national culture.From the perspective of practice,the school has gone through the historical change from informal folk life education to formal ordinary school education and then to specialized vocational school education,which caters to the needs of modern inheritance of local culture.From the theoretical and logical analysis,the special cultural inheritance school inevitably encounters the rationality defects:inherent tension between the life world and the scientific world;external contradictions between cultural adults and professional talents;practical paradox between organizational efficiency and national benefits.In the context of modernization,the education and inheritance of Hani terrace culture can not be separated from the integration and symbiosis of family,society,school and other fields.Therefore,the“scene-oriented”education mode will eventually return to the inheritance essence of“following the environment”.And only when the school integrates into the specific and vivid life experience and terrace cultivation of Hani people,can real and effective inheritance of the terrace culture take place.