马克思人学视域中的立德树人教育探析

The Education of Establishing Morality and Cultivating People from the Perspective of Marx's Humanism

对人的正确认识与理解是正确认识和理解立德树人教育根本任务的前提和基础。从人类历史发展的过程来看,对人的认识和理解存在“意象化”“物象化”“人象化”三种面向,从而导致教育的“物”本位与“人”本位两种方法论立场。马克思人学从人的“自由的有意识的活动”“社会关系的总和”及“现实的个人”维度开创了认识和研究人的典范,有助于当下准确理解“立德树人”教育根本任务的内涵。立德树人必须坚持教育的“人”本位立场,努力达至开发人力,培育新人;凝聚人心,造福人民;个体完满,世界至善的目的。

Correct cognition and understanding of human beings is the premise and basis for correct cognition and understanding the fundamental task of moral education.From the point of view of the development of human history,there are three kinds of orientations:“imagization”,“materialization”and“humanization”,which lead to the“material”standard and the“human”standard of education consequently.However,Marx's humanity has created a model for the understanding and study of human beings from the dimensions of“free and conscious activities”,“the sum of social relations”and“realistic individual”,which is helpful to accurately understand the connotation of the fundamental task of“establishing morality and cultivating people”at present.In conclusion,moral education must adhere to the“human”position of education,and strive to achieve the goals of developing human resources and cultivating new people,uniting people's hearts and benefiting the people,and perfecting individuals and the world.