长期失眠老年患者的人格特征研究及其应对方式分析

Study on personality characteristics of elderly patients with chronic insomnia and their coping styles

目的研究调查长期失眠(insomnia)患者的人格特征及其应对方式分析。方法通过方便取样对200例来石家庄市第八医院就诊的长期失眠患者(60岁及以上)进行艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数测验(PSQI)及特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ),并将调查结果与200位健康志愿者进行比较。结果(1)长期失眠的老年患者在神经质量表得分高,表明此类患者情绪不稳定;而外倾性量表得分低,表明此类患者偏内向,均有统计学差异(t=7.32 P<0.001;t=-11.11 P<0.001)。(2)长期失眠患者的积极应对方式得分低、消极应对方式得分高,与对照组比较有统计学差异(t=-18.75 P<0.001;t=6.88 P<0.001)。(3)长期失眠患者TCSQ量表中的消极分与PSQI量表得分呈正相关,有统计学差异(r=0.480 P<0.001),说明采用消极应对方式是加重失眠的一个潜在因素。(4)长期失眠的患者组的EPQ量表得分与PSQI量表得分均不相关,说明人格的变量与失眠之间没有直接相关关系。结论各种人格的人均可能患失眠。在本研究中,长期失眠的老年人相对于对照组表现出内向和情绪不稳定的人格特征,其应对方式也多倾向消极应对。因此,在治疗中结合认知行为等心理治疗可有效提高治疗效果。

Objective To study the personality characteristics of elderly patients with chronic insomnia and their coping styles.Methods Through convenient sampling,200 patients(60 years old and above)with chronic insomnia who came to our hospital were surveyed by Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Test(PSQI)and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire(TCSQ).The survey results were compared with those of 200 healthy volunteers.Results(1)Elderly patients with chronic insomnia had higher scores on the neurological quality scale,which indicated that they were emotionally unstable;while they had lower scores on the extraversion scale,which indicated that they were introverted(P<0.001).(2)Patients with chronic insomnia had lower scores for positive coping styles and higher scores for negative coping styles,which were statistically different from the control group(P<0.001).(3)The negative scores of TCSQ of the patients with chronic insomnia were positively correlated with their PSQI scores(r=0.480,P<0.001),which indicated that negative coping styles was a potential factor for aggravating insomnia.(4)There was no correlation between EPQ score and PSQI score in patients with chronic insomnia,which indicated that there was no direct correlation between personality variables and insomnia.Conclusion People with various personalities may suffer from insomnia.The elderly with chronic insomnia show introverted and emotionally unstable personality characteristics,and their coping styles tend to be negative.Therefore,in the treatment of insomnia,combined with psychotherapy such as cognitive behavior,can effectively improve the therapeutic effect.