Temporal and Spatial Characteristics and Optimization of the Intensive Use of Cultivated Land in Maoming City

茂名市耕地集约利用时空特征及其优化研究

Improving the level of intensive cultivated land use is an important measure to ensure food security and promote the sustainable development of the regional society and economy.Based on data from the statistical yearbook of Maoming City and its counties and districts from 2005 to 2018 and the land use change database of Maoming City for 2018,this study constructed an evaluation index system for four aspects:cultivated land use intensity,cultivated land use degree,cultivated land output benefit and cultivated land sustainable use status.The level of intensive use of cultivated land in Maoming City from 2004 to 2017 was evaluated by AHP,the range method and the comprehensive evaluation model,and its temporal and spatial characteristics were evaluated.The results revealed three major points.(1)The intensive use of cultivated land in Maoming City in the past 14 years was good,and its level showed an overall upward trend,with the intensive use degree of cultivated land rising from 0.4045 in 2004 to 1.3148 in 2017.(2)The levels of intensive use of cultivated land in each county and district of Maoming City were generally on the rise,with no significant differences between them.However,according to the regional distribution,the intensive use level of cultivated land was highest in Maonan District,while it was relatively low in Dianbai County.The largest increase in the level of cultivated land intensive use was in Gaozhou,and the smallest was in Dianbai County.(3)According to the existing problems of cultivated land utilization in Maoming City,combined with the current international and domestic measures to effectively improve the level of intensive use of cultivated land,four suggestions are put forward:to improve the efficiency of cultivated land utilization and effectively protect basic farmland;to improve the overall urban planning and rationally adjust the layout of construction land;to raise farmers’awareness of the intensive use of cultivated land;and to increase agricultural investment and improve agricultural infrastructure.

提高耕地利用集约化水平是确保粮食安全、促进区域社会经济可持续发展的重要措施。基于2005–2018年《茂名市统计年鉴》、各县区统计年鉴和茂名市2018年土地利用变更数据库等数据资料,本文从耕地利用强度、耕地利用程度、耕地产出效益和耕地可持续利用状况四个方面构建评价指标体系,应用AHP法、极差法和综合评价模型等方法对茂名市2004–2017年的耕地集约利用水平进行了评价并分析其时空特征。结果表明:(1)茂名市过去14年间的耕地集约利用状况较好,耕地集约利用水平呈总体上升趋势,耕地集约利用度从2004年的0.4045上升到2017年的1.3148;(2)茂名市各县区的耕地集约利用水平均为总体上升趋势且差异不显著,但从耕地集约利用水平的区域分布来看,以茂南区的耕地集约利用水平最高、电白县耕地集约利用程度相对较低;从耕地集约利用水平变化程度来看,以高州的耕地集约利用水平增幅最大、电白县的耕地集约利用水平增幅最小;(3)根据茂名市耕地利用中存在的问题,结合当前国际国内提高耕地集约利用水平的有效做法,提出四点建议:一是提高耕地利用效率,切实保护基本农田;二是完善城市总体规划,合理调整建设用地布局;三是提高农民的耕地集约利用意识;四是加大农业投入,改善农业基础设施。