Functional Zoning Mode and Management Measures of Qianjiangyuan National Park based on Ecological Sensitivity Evaluation

基于生态敏感性评价的钱江源国家公园功能分区研究

Functional zoning is an important guarantee for regulating the land use intensity of national parks and maintaining the integrity and stability of natural ecosystem.In this paper,we tease out of the functional zoning models and methods based on the empirical analysis of the world national parks,and then take the Qianjiangyuan National Park(QNP)as an example,study the functional zoning method based on ecological sensitivity.Results show that,the goal of national park construction in the world is changing from enhancing national cohesion to displaying the national image,from the pure natural protection and recreation use to protection of the comprehensive function of natural ecosystem integrity protection,recreation,environmental education,etc.The establishment of QNP is to protect the natural ecosystem of sub-tropical lowland broad-leaved evergreen forest,also to meet the community development and recreational consume of large population in Eastern China.So this paper establishes an evaluation index system based on ecological sensitivity,combining ecosystem services,potential habitats of important species,and development opportunities.Based on the analysis result,the functional zoning of QNP can be divided into strict protection area,ecological conservation area,traditional using area and recreational area.In this way,it can make the functional partition reflect system controls thought in area difference and space layout,and take the corresponding management measures in different functional areas,to promote the sustainable evolution of the natural ecological system in national park.

功能分区是调节国家公园土地利用强度、维护自然生态系统完整性和稳定性的重要制度保障。本文以钱江源国家公园为例,基于生态敏感性的功能分区方法,研究发现世界各国国家公园建设的目标正从纯粹的自然保护和游憩利用向保护自然生态系统完整性、游憩、环境教育等综合功能转变,大多数国家公园功能分区采用同心圆环的布局模式。钱江源国家公园生态敏感性表现出较大的规模差异性,中等以上敏感区域占84.45%,主要集中在古田山和钱江源源头地区的森林地区;轻度敏感区和极轻度敏感区分别占14.61%和0.95%,呈碎片化分布在中间区域。结合生态敏感性程度、重要物种潜在生境和社区发展与休闲游憩等需求,可以将钱江源国家公园划分为严格保护区、生态保护区、传统利用区和游憩娱乐区,以达到对不同类型功能区域的差异化调控和管理,促进钱江源国家公园自然生态保护和资源利用的可持续发展。