土地利用视角下城市交通事故驱动机理的研究进展

Research progress on the driving mechanism of traffic accidents from the perspective of land use

城镇化与机动交通的快速发展,引发了城市土地利用与交通系统的重塑,导致城市交通安全问题日益严峻。为了优化土地利用布局并改善交通安全,需要从土地利用视角开展交通事故的驱动机理研究。国内外该方面研究形成了以交通流量和交通速度为主要中介因素联系土地利用与交通事故的经典理论框架,却忽略了源于土地利用并深刻影响交通安全的交通需求因素,导致缺乏"土地利用—交通需求—交通事故"完整路径链的研究。论文通过综述该领域文献,在归纳总结城市交通事故影响因素的基础上,揭示土地利用视角下交通事故的驱动机理并探讨未来研究方向。研究指出,土地利用的多维属性特征对交通事故具有重要影响,土地利用与交通系统的动态匹配关系及其对出行行为的影响是揭示交通事故驱动机理的关键突破口,对于构建交通安全导向的城市土地利用模式具有重要的理论与实践意义。

Given the rapid urbanization and booming motor vehicle ownership in China, the existing land use and transport system are being widely reshaped, which have increasingly worsened the traffic safety situation. To optimize land use configuration and thus improve traffic safety, there is an urgent need to explore the driving mechanism of traffic accidents from the perspective of land use. The current literature generally supports the theoretical framework that traffic volume and traffic speed are major mediators associating land use with traffic accidents, while ignores that transport demand, which is derived from land use, plays a crucial role in shaping traffic accidents. Therefore, the association between land use, transport demand, and traffic accident is overlooked in exploring the driving mechanism of traffic accidents. This article reviewed existing studies by investigating the driving mechanism of traffic accidents from the perspective of land use based on influencing factor analysis, and summarized the future research directions. The results show that multi-dimensional land use attributes were strongly associated with the frequency of traffic accidents. Correspondingly, assessing the dynamic matching relationship between land use and transport system as well as its effects on travel behavior,would become particularly important in revealing the driving mechanism of traffic accidents. The corresponding findings could be used to support the construction of land use model for improving traffic safety.