“自然保护地”法律概念之析义与梳正

Analysis and Correction of the Legal Concept of“Protected Areas”

中央顶层设计将完善法律法规体系作为我国自然保护地体系建设的保障措施,包括制定出台《自然保护地法》。制定《自然保护地法》必须以界定“自然保护地”这一核心法律概念作为逻辑基点。现实中存在着“自然保护地”的“名”与“实”的疏离,界定“自然保护地”法律概念应当以政策体系中规定的“自然保护地”之“名”为依据,兼顾吸纳我国数十年来建设的多种类型的自然保护地之“实”。“自然保护地”当前在包容性概念与排他性概念两种语境中使用,作为法律概念的“自然保护地”应当界定为排他性专用名词,其制度功能在于甄选法律概念的形成路径、实现融贯的自然保护地法律体系。在“自然保护地”的概念结构中,应当注重从自然保护地的价值锚定、国际经验与中国特色的平衡、中心与边缘范围的划定等方面进行要素考量与内涵界定。

The top-level design of the central government regards the improvement of laws and regulations as a safeguard measure for the construction of protected areas system in China,including the formulation of the Protected Areas Law.It is necessary to define the core legal concept of“protected areas”as a logical basis for the formulation of the Protected Areas Law.In reality,there is a separation between the“name”and“reality”of“protected areas”.The legal definition of“protected areas”should be based on the“name”of“protected areas”stipulated in the policy system,taking into account the“reality”of various types and forms of protected areas constructed in China over the past decades.Currently,“protected areas”are used in two contexts:inclusive concept and exclusive concept.As a legal concept,“protected areas”should be defined as exclusive proper nouns.Its system function is to select the formation path of legal concepts and achieve the coherence of legal system of protected areas.In the conceptual structure of“protected areas”,attention should be paid to the consideration and definition of the following factors:the determination of the value and objectives of protected areas,the balance between international experience and Chinese characteristics,and the limitation of the center and margins.