咨政耆老与先秦治国理政——以清华简“书”类文献为中心的考察

Political Counselors and Pre-Qin Administration of State Affairs:Centering on the Shu Documents in the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips

清华大学藏战国竹简中《殷高宗问于三寿》《厚父》《祭公》《郑文公问太伯》《成人》等篇记载了君王向耆老请教为政,还有部分篇章强调重用耆老,反映了先秦时期咨政耆老的传统。虽然时势不同,但耆老的回答都指向了以史为鉴、效法先王、任用贤才、修养自身等问题,这些思想正是中国古代的治国理政之要,也是千百年来形成的优良传统。君王咨政耆老,既是遵循古老的政治制度,也是政治现实的需要。从清华简及相关记载可以知道,耆老在中国古代历史文化的传承中起到了极为重要的作用。

In the bamboo slips of Tsinghua University during the Warring States Period,many documents recorded the history that the emperor consulted the senior officials upon the governance,and some chapters emphasized the reuse of the elders,reflecting the tradition of consulting the elders in the Pre-Qin period.Although the times are different,the answers of the senior officials all point to the issues,such as taking history as a lesson,following the example of the king,appointing talents and cultivating oneself.These thoughts are the essence of governing state affairs in ancient China and the fine tradition formed over thousands of years.The king’s political consultation is not only an old political system but also a political reality.From the Tsinghua bamboo slips and related records,we know that the senior officials played an extremely important role in the inheritance of ancient Chinese history and culture.