农产品主产区村镇建设资源环境承载力空间分异及影响因素——以甘肃省临泽县为例

Spatial differentiation and influencing factors of resource and environmental carrying capacity in main agricultural production areas:Taking Linze County of Gansu Province as an example

农产品主产区在保障农产品供给安全的前提下,需要适度的村镇建设活动,资源环境承载力评估为其实现可持续发展提供科学依据。本文以甘肃省临泽县为例,构建了一套适宜于农产品主产区村镇建设资源环境承载力评价的思路方法,分析了承载力空间分异特征及影响因素。研究表明:①村镇建设资源环境承载力评价需从村镇建设活动对资源环境的需求和资源环境对村镇建设活动的支撑两个维度来构建指标体系,农产品主产区应重点关注耕地资源、水资源的承载能力和耕地环境、水环境、生态环境的容纳能力。②临泽县村镇建设资源承载力大于环境承载力,综合承载力整体偏低;村镇建设承压状态两极分化严重,耕地资源以盈余为主,水资源和环境以超载为主;空间上,综合承载力和环境承载力呈现明确的"南高北低"分异格局,且形成"沙河镇耕地资源低承载、高承压""廖泉镇水资源低承载、高承压""新华镇水资源高承载、低承压"显著集聚区。③村镇建设资源环境承载力及承压状态空间分异是由资源环境本底、发展需求强度和政府治理力度共同决定的,提高资源环境承载能力的关键在于充分发挥政府治理的润滑力,转变经济发展方式、提高资源利用效率、加强生态环境整治。

Under the premise of ensuring the security of national agricultural product supply,the main agricultural production areas in China need moderate development and necessary village and town construction activities,and the resources and environment carrying capacity provides good support for their sustainable development.Taking Linze County of Gansu Province as an example,this study developed a set of approaches and methods suitable for the evaluation of the carrying capacity of resources and environment for the construction of villages and towns in the main agricultural production areas,to provide a scientific basis for the development of the main functions of villages and towns.The results suggest that:(1)The evaluation of the carrying capacity of rural construction resources and environment in main agricultural production areas needs to construct an indicator system from two dimensions:the demand impact of rural construction activities on resources and environment and the carrying capacity feedback of resources and environment on rural construction activities.We should focus on the carrying capacity of cultivated land resources and water resources and the carrying capacity of cultivated land environment,water environment,and ecological environment.(2)The overall carrying capacity of resources in Linze County is larger than that of the environment,and the comprehensive carrying capacity shows a spatial pattern of generally higher in the south and lower in the north.There is a serious polarization in the state of pressure.The cultivated land resources are mainly in surplus,and the water resources and the environment are mainly overloaded.(3)The carrying capacity of resources and environment and the spatial differentiation of pressure state in the construction of villages and towns are determined by the local resources and environment,the intensity of development demand,and the strength of governance.The key to improve the carrying capacity of resources and environment is to give full play to the moderating capacity of governance structures,change the mode of economic development,improve the efficiency of resource utilization,and strengthen the remediation of the ecological environment.