乡村生态转型中知识和社区的作用——以江苏句容市陈庄为例

The roles of knowledge and community in rural ecological transformation:A case study of Chenzhuang Village,Jurong City,Jiangsu Province

乡村生态转型旨在保护乡村资源环境的同时,实现自然资源及生态服务的经济价值,以达到自然生态与经济社会共赢,是乡村功能认识回归和生态文明建设背景下乡村农业生产和生态维育功能重新得到重视等外在因素,以及乡村生态资源丰富和村民发展诉求强烈等内在驱动共同作用的结果,为地处生态敏感区的传统农业村落实现振兴和可持续发展提供了可行途径。基于生态现代化理论与生态经济发展特质,本文从要素投入和参与主体两方面探讨了乡村生态转型的可能路径,提出乡村生态转型需要从依靠资本转向依靠知识投入,结合政府、社区等主体在乡村知识投入与应用中的行为及作用特点,提出乡村生态转型的知识投入更适合采取社区参与的方式。最后,结合江苏省句容市茅山风景区陈庄村的生态转型实践,对乡村生态转型的知识投入和社区参与策略及其效应进行分析。研究有助于深化对乡村生态转型必要性及其路径的理论认识,并为乡村发展的生态化实践提供一定经验借鉴和路径参考。

Rural ecological transformation aims at realizing the economic values of ecological resources while protecting resources and the environment,so as to achieve the win-win situation of ecological environment protection and economic development.This article reviewed different paths of rural restructuring and their negative and positive impacts on the ecological environment and economic development since the reform and opening-up,namely rural industrialization,urbanization,and rural non-agricultural transformation.On this basis,we point out that rural ecological transformation is an inevitable choice to realize rural revitalization and sustainable development for agricultural villages that are located in major ecological function areas.This is a joint result of external factors such as the turn of recognition of rural functions and ecological civilization construction,and internal factors such as rich ecological resources in the rural areas and rural population’s needs for development.On the one hand,the functions of agricultural production and ecological protection are getting increasingly more important in rural regions,and on the other hand,natural capital is increasingly scarce.Therefore,the natural resources and ecological environment in rural areas can become the unique advantages for rural transformation and development.Based on the theory of Ecological Modernization and the characteristics of ecological economic development,this article discussed the possible paths of rural ecological transformation from the perspectives of factor inputs and key participants.We put forward that the essential factors for rural ecological transformation is knowledge instead of capital.Taking into consideration the characteristics of behaviors of the government,community,and other stakeholders in receiving and applying knowledge,this article suggested that it is more suitable for the rural community to participate in knowledge input.Finally,this study took the practice of ecological transformation in Chenzhuang Village of Jiangsu Province as an example to analyze the strategies of knowledge input and community participation in rural ecological transformation and their effects.The result of this study may help deepen the theoretical understanding of the necessity and paths of rural ecological transformation and provide some practical experiences for the ecological development of rural areas.