雍正制砚赏砚散论

A Study on Emperor Yongzheng’s Fabrication and Appreciation of Inkstones

雍正帝曾视"绿端石"与"乌拉石"是两种砚材。记档案者则将"绿端石"与"乌拉石"相混,也把"绿端石砚"等同关东石砚。雍正八年(1730年)的档案表明,宫廷对于乌拉石与关东石的区分进一步明确,绿端石系乌拉将军所进,应当就是"乌拉石",关东石当是辽东一代所产。雍正帝较多制作暖砚。他欣赏文雅之砚,喜欢寿意纹饰的砚台。年节赏赐臣下砚台,既是为了密切君臣关系,也是为了彰显自身的汉文化修养,表达对于中国文化的认同乃至颂扬超越中国传统物质文化的皇朝圣世。

Emperor Yongzheng once regarded the Lvduan stone and the Ula stone as two types of inkstone material. Archivists mixed the Lvduan stone with the Ula stone and also equated the Lvduan inkstone with the Guandong inkstone. The archives of the eighth year of the Yongzheng dynasty show that the court further distinguished between the Ula stone and the Guandong stone. The Lvduan stone,which should be the Ula stone,was deliverd by the General Ula,and the Guandong stone should be mined from the Liao Dong district. Emperor Yongzheng often made the Warm-inkstones. He admired the elegant inkstones and liked the inkstones decorated with ornamentations that symbolize longevity. The emperor rewarded his ministers to inkstones during the Chinese New Year and other festivals,both to close the relationship between the monarch and the ministers,but also to show his own Han cultural accomplishment,and to express his identity of Chinese culture,then even to extol the flourishing age,which far beyond the traditional Chinese material culture.