宅基地制度改革的考量——以宅基地福利性与财产性矛盾为视角

Thoughts on the Reform of the Homestead System——From the Perspective of the Welfare and Property Contradiction of the Housing Site

困扰宅基地制度改革的主要矛盾是宅基地的财产属性与福利属性相冲突。宅基地的社会保障功能已经不适应当前农村经济的发展状况,过分强调宅基地的社会保障属性,会带来乡土经济萎缩、农民收入水平无法提高、城乡收入差距拉大等一系列社会问题。宅基地的财产属性被激活仍受到诸多因素的限制,如当前不完善的农村社会保障制度、"两权分离"下宅基地使用权的物权特征、宅基地使用权流转下的政府监控风险等因素。所以,要激活宅基地的财产属性,就必须适度放活宅基地使用权的流转方式。

The main contradiction that plagues the reform of the homestead system is the conflict between the property and welfare properties of the homestead. The social security function of the homestead has not adapted to the current development of the rural economy. Overemphasis on the social security attributes of the homestead will bring about a series of social problems such as the shrinking of the rural economy,the inability of farmers to raise their incomes,and the widening income gap between urban and rural areas. The activation of the property of the homestead is still limited by many factors,such as the current incomplete rural social security system,the real right characteristics of the right to use the homestead under the "separation of two rights",and government monitoring risks under the transfer of the right to use the homestead,etc. factor. Therefore,in order to activate the property attributes of the homestead,it is necessary to appropriately release the circulation of the right to use the homestead.