从学术资本到学术资本主义:以美国高校为中心

From Academic Capital to Academic Capitalism:Focusing on American Universities

无论是从理论层面还是从实践层面,学术资本和学术资本主义都已经引起人们的密切关注,趋利取向是两者最为重要的行动边界。美国高校不但学术资本最为丰厚,而且也是学术资本主义理论产生的源发地以及学术资本主义现象的普遍流行之地。政治、市场、文化等外部力量的裹挟以及高校、管理者、教师等内部主体的跟进,是美国高校从学术资本到学术资本主义的演进动因。大学理念的商业性、大学职能的商品化和大学管理的公司化,无不表现出美国高校从学术价值到商业价值的趋利取向,学术资本主义作为一种实践已经向世界拓展。规避学术资本主义,既需要学术资本回归学术,也需要学术资本超越主义,更需要国家、高校和教师的责任担当。

From both theoretical and practical aspects,the academic capital and academic capitalism have attracted people’s close attention. The boundary between them is whether the action under their guidance is interest-oriented or not. American colleges and universities not only have the most abundant academic capital,but also are the source of the academic capitalism theory and the place where academic capitalism is very popular. The external forces such as the politics,market and culture,and the internal subjects such as the colleges and universities,the administrators and teachers,work together to promote the shift in focus from academic capital to academic capitalism in American colleges and universities. The change from an academic value orientation to a commercial value orientation is embodied in the commercialization in the idea and function of universities which have been gradually turned into corporation-like institutions. Academic capitalism,as a kind of practice,has been spread worldwide. To avoid academic capitalism,we need to promote the return of and the transcendence over academic capital and make sure that the state,universities and teachers shoulder more responsibilities.