美国《中等教育的基本原则》报告百年学术史考察

A Review of the History of the Research on the US Report of Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education over a Century

1918年,美国内政部教育署发布了《中等教育的基本原则》,这份报告直接影响了20世纪20年代以后美国中等教育改革的方向和进程,对世界中等教育的发展也产生了广泛影响,被誉为“20世纪美国中等教育的宪法”。报告发布之后,美国学者相继从不同角度对其展开了大量研究,形成了丰硕的研究成果。在我国,鲜有从学术史的角度对该报告进行历史考察的研究。在对相关史料占用和挖掘分析的基础之上,论文从总体状况、历史意义、报告的思想理念、不同报告间的对比分析、报告应用于实践等维度梳理了百年来研究者们对《中等教育的基本原则》进行研究的历史,剖析了已有研究中存在的主要问题,列出了值得进一步研究的相关主题,指出了从不同侧面推进相关研究的必要性。

In 1918,the Bureau of Education within the US Department of the Interior released the report of Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education.This report has directly affected the direction and process of American secondary education reform after the 1920s,and it has also had a broad impact on the development of world secondary education,thus being regarded as“the constitution of American secondary education in the 20th century”.After its release,American academics have conducted a lot of research on it from different perspectives,and produced fruitful research results.In China,however,there is little research on the report from the perspective of research history.In this paper,based on the ample materials and in-depth analysis,we sort out the history of the research on the Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education by researchers for a century from the dimensions of overall condition,historical significance,the thoughts of the report,comparative analyses between different versions of the report,and the application of the report in practice.We also analyze the main problems with the previous studies,identify related issues worthy of further research,and point out the necessity of advancing relevant research from different aspects.