哺乳动物少突胶质细胞分化、成熟和功能化的研究进展

Research Progress in Differentiation,Maturation,and Functionalization of Oligodendrocytes in Mammal

少突胶质细胞(oligodendrocytes,OLs)是中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)中的一类神经胶质细胞,具有生成髓鞘、包裹轴突的功能,对神经信号传导至关重要。OLs的分化调控涉及微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)、Y染色体性别决定区域相关高迁移率族盒(sex-determining region of Y chromosome related high-mobility-group box,Sox)基因家族和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(cyclin dependent kinases,CDKs)家族成员等。音猬因子(sonic hedgehog,Shh)、Wnt、Notch和骨形态发生蛋白(bone morphogenetic protein,BMP)信号通路,以及Olig 1、Sox 5/6、Sox 10、Nkx 2.2、Zfp 24和Hes 5转录因子等参与了OLs成熟和功能化的调节。该文就上述相关调控机制进行了综述,为深入解析和人工干预OLs的发育进程、防治脱髓鞘疾病提供参考。

OLs (oligodendrocytes),one type of neuroglial cells,are found in CNS (central nervous system).They contribute to producing axon-wrapping myelin,which is of vital importance to conduct nerve signaling.Regulations for differentiation of OLs involve miRNA (microRNA) and certain members of Sox (sex-determining region of Y chromosome related high-mobility-group box) family and CDKs (cyclin dependent kinase) family.Shh (sonic hedgehog),Wnt,Notch,and BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) signaling pathways,as well as transcription factors,such as Olig 1,Sox 5/6,Sox 10,Nkx 2.2,Zfp 24,and Hes 5 take part in regulating the maturation and functionalization of OLs.Mechanisms of these mentioned factors on OLs were reviewed here to provide references for further understanding and manual intervention of OLs development,prevention and cure of demyelinate diseases.