波士顿马拉松文化溯源与启示

Cultural Origin Tracing and Inspiration of Boston Marathon

为了探析波士顿马拉松文化之源,并对我国城市马拉松文化发展有所启示,从社会学、人类学的角度出发,采用文献资料法、观察法等对波士顿马拉松运动的发生、发展及演进进行剖析,发现:波士顿马拉松文化源于美国人民的爱国主义精神与对自由的追求,它承载着城市文化的百年沉淀;赛事与城市的发展相融合,逐渐成为城市文化的象征,并渗透到人们的生活中;波士顿马拉松文化符号具有特殊的文化属性,并植根于生活、建筑和传统文化之中,分别对应着以物化符号为主要形式的器物、赛道、建筑3个方面;作为文化的表现形式,波士顿马拉松随着经济与城市的发展而变迁,并带动了人们物质与精神上的诉求,最终产生文化形式上的突破。对我国城市马拉松文化发展的启示:与波士顿马拉松相比,我国城市马拉松缺乏文化沉淀,赛事开展"领先"文化建设,建议在坚持健康中国思想与加强马拉松赛事问责机制的基础上,从城市文化本源中寻求更高的发展空间。

In order to explore the origin of Boston Marathon culture and to enlighten the development of urban marathon culture in China,this paper,from the perspective of sociology and anthropology,analyzes the occurrence,development and evolution of Boston Marathon by means of literature review and observation.And it found that:The Boston Marathon culture originates from the patriotism and the pursuit of freedom of the American people,it carries the centennial precipitation of urban culture;with the development of the city,sports events have gradually become the symbol of urban culture and penetrated into people’s lives;the cultural symbols of Boston Marathon have special cultural attributes and are rooted in life,architecture and traditional culture,they correspond to the three aspects of artifacts,track and architecture in the main form of materialized symbols;as a form of cultural expression,Boston Marathon changes with the development of economy and city,and drives people’s material and spiritual demands,and finally produces a breakthrough in cultural form.The enlightenments to the development of urban marathon culture in China are compared with Boston Marathon,the urban marathon in China lacks cultural precipitation,and the development of sports events is earlier than the cultural construction.It is suggested to seek higher development space from the source of urban culture on the basis of adhering to the idea of Healthy China and strengthening the accountability mechanism of Marathon events.