论我国运动训练研究方法中的定量思维

On Quantitative Thinking in the Research Methods of Sports Training in China

实证性定量研究是提升运动训练科学化的重要方法之一。它具有数量化、客观化、普适化等特点,已成为当今我国运动训练理论主要研究方法。然而,在使用过程中它的"纯科学特质"也逐渐暴露出局限性。为此,采用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法,对运动训练研究文献中的量化方法进行梳理,发现量化经验实证研究已显现其不足:(1)运动训练实证性定量研究不够严谨;(2)定量研究难以满足运动训练"实践化"和"情境化"的需要;(3)定量研究的理论滞后,导致理论视野出现"危机"。反思认为,当前运动训练定量研究面临着"内生性"和"主观性"双重问题困扰。面对运动训练研究对象的复杂性,必须摆脱认识论和方法论"纯正性"的束缚,采用多元互补的态度,开展定量研究的结果和质性研究的意义相结合的混合方法研究,解决单用质性或定量无法完整、合理、全面解释的问题。

Empirical quantitative research is one of the important methods to improve the science of sports training. It is quantitative, objective and generalizable, and has become the main research method of sports training theory in China. However, in the process of using it, its "pure scientific quality" is gradually exposing its limitations. Therefore, this paper uses the methods of documentation, logic and paradigm to sort out the quantitative methods in the sports training research literature, and finds that the quantitative empirical research has shown its shortcomings as follows: (1) empirical quantitative research of sports training is not rigorous enough;(2)quantitative research can hardly meet the needs of "practice" and "situational" of sports training;(3) the theory of quantitative research is lagging behind, leading to a "crisis" in the theoretical vision. According to the reflection, the current quantitative sports training research is plagued by the double puzzles of "endogenous" and "subjective". Facing the complexity of sports training research objects, it is necessary to get rid of epistemological and methodological "purity", and adopt a pluralistic and complementary attitude to carry out mixed-method research combining the results of quantitative research and the significance of qualitative research, so as to solve the problem that qualitative or quantitative alone cannot be explained completely, reasonably and comprehensively.