论体育赛事的“版权—数据财产权”二元保护结构——以赛事直播侵权纠纷为切入视角

Dualistic Protection Structure of Copyright-Data Property Right of Sports Events:From Perspective of Live Broadcast Infringement Disputes

在体育赛事直播侵权纠纷中,法院跳过体育赛事权利而径行分析体育赛事节目或画面保护模式的通常做法欠妥。明确体育赛事财产权的性质可以使赛事直播在权利基础上正本清源,并统一赛事直播侵权纠纷的司法保护标准。理论上否定体育赛事可版权性的理由并不能统一适用于所有赛事类型。一些具有美感性和艺术性的体育赛事可解释为舞蹈作品或杂技艺术作品,从而获得版权保护。将来的《体育法》修订应当明确规定“体育作品”。非作品性体育赛事应当通过数据财产权加以保护,这既符合国际发展趋势,也符合国内产业导向,同时与保护客体的性质相适应。在现行法律体系之下,体育赛事数据财产权的保护可以通过适用《民法典》关于民事权益保护的一般条款,或者关于习惯作为法律渊源的条款得以解决。在《体育法》修订中,我们需要明确规定体育赛事数据财产权,其具体内容包括数据采集权、数据传输权、数据使用权、数据处分权和数据收益权。

In disputes over the infringement of live broadcasts of sports events,the courts'common practice of skipping the rights of sporting events and analyzing protection models of sports events programs or screens has not been good.Clarifying the nature of the property rights of sports events can make the live broadcast of the event clear on the basis of rights,and unify the judicial protection standards for infringement disputes of live broadcast of sports events.The rationale for denying the copyright of sports events in theory cannot be uniformly applied to all types of sports events.Some aesthetic and artistic sports events can be interpreted as dance works or acrobatic works of art,thereby obtaining copyright protection.Future amendments to the Sports Law should clearly specify“sports works”.Non-work sports events should be protected by data property rights,which is in line with the international development trends and domestic industrial orientation,and is compatible with the nature of the protection object.Under the current legal system,the protection of the data property rights of sports events can be resolved by applying the general provisions of the civil rights and interests,or the provisions of customs as sources of law in Civil Law Code.In the amendment of the Sports Law,it is necessary to clearly stipulate the data property rights of sports events.Its specific contents include data collection rights,data transmission rights,data use rights,data disposal rights and data revenue rights.