2020东京奥运会项目变动的特征、影响与启示——兼谈奥运会项目设置的演变趋势

Characteristics,Impact and Inspiration of Changes at 2020 Tokyo Olympics:Trend of Olympic Games Event Changes

奥运会是世界体育发展的风向标和展示窗口。进入21世纪,奥运会举办成本不断攀升,让许多申办国望而却步,同时,还有许多新项目期盼能够跻身于规模庞大的奥林匹克舞台。研究采用文献资料等方法对夏季奥运会项目设置的演变历程和2020东京奥运会项目设置的变动特征进行梳理,探讨2020东京奥运会项目变化对我国奥运战略的影响。研究认为,2020东京奥运会项目变动具有如下特征项目设置规模空前、注重吸纳新潮运动项目、重视利益相关者;对我国奥运战略的直接影响是既增设了一些有利于我国运动员夺牌的优势项目,也增设了一些竞争对手的优势项目。间接影响,是有助于重塑国家体育形象,传统体育项目受到削弱但新兴体育项目拓展迎来机遇。基于此,研究从政策设计、人才选用、保障措施等角度提出建议。

The Olympic Games is the window to see the world sports development.In the 21st century,the expenditure on hosting the Olympic Games keeps rising,which has discouraged many nations from hosting the Olympic Games.Meanwhile,many new events expected to be included into the Olympic stage.In this paper,literature study and other methods were adopted to reveal the Summer Olympic Games event setting and the changes in the characteristics of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics event setting,and to reveal the impact of changes on China's Olympic strategy.It could be seen that the changes in the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games were as follows:the scale of the events was unprecedented,the emphasis was on absorbing trendy sports events,and the stakeholders were taken into full concern.For China,there were more advantageous.The indirect impact was that the Chinese cultural renaissance was temporarily inhibited but helpful to reshaping the national sports image.The traditional sports were weakened but there were more opportunities for new events.Suggestions from the perspectives of policy design,talent selection,and safeguard measures were put forward.