中条山区域野生油脂植物资源及特征分析

Resources and characteristics of wild oil plants in Zhongtiaoshan area

通过野外调查、标本鉴定和资料查询,对中条山区域分布的野生油脂植物资源的种类、含油量、用途及蕴藏量进行了统计和分析,同时对中条山油脂植物的开发利用提出了建议。结果表明:中条山区域共有油脂植物57科135属176种;在物种组成上,以蔷薇科、唇形科、豆科、榆科、忍冬科、菊科、十字花科为优势类群;在生活型上,以木本植物数量为多,占油脂植物的60.2%;在含油量上,以含油量在20%~29.9%之间的种数最多,含油量在20%以上具有潜在开发利用价值的有136种;从用途看,具有工业用途的有158种,具有食用价值的有45种,具有医药及保健作用的有72种;含油部位以种子为主,少数为果实和种仁。松科、胡桃科、桦木科、蔷薇科、唇形科、无患子科、槭树科、胡颓子科、省沽油科、菊科等具有较大开发潜力。

Through the field investigation,specimen identification and the data inquiry,the species,oil content,use and the reserves of the wild oil plant resources distributed in Zhongtiaoshan area were analyzed.In addition,suggestions on the exploitation and utilization of oil plants in Zhongtiaoshan area were put forward.The results showed that there were 176 species of oil plants from 135 genera and 57 families.In terms of species composition,Rosaceae,Labiatae,Leguminosae,Ulmaceae,Caprifoliaceae,Compositae and Cruciferae were the dominant groups.In terms of life type,the number of woody plants were the most,accounting for 60.2%of oil plants.In terms of oil content,the most species were between 20%and 29.9%,and 136 species with oil content over 20%had potential development and utilization value.In terms of use,158 kinds were for industrial use,45 kinds were for edible value,and72 kinds were for medicine and health care.The main oil-storing parts were seeds,and a few were fruits and kernels.Pinaceae,Juglandaceae,Betulaceae,Rosaceae,Labiatae,Sapindaceae,Aceraceae,Elaeagnaceae,Staphyleaceae,Compositae and etc had greater development potential.