滴施硅肥对棉花生长发育和产量品质的影响

Effects of Silicon Fertilizer on Cotton Growth,Yield and Quality

【目的】研究施用硅肥对棉花生长发育、产量以及纤维品质的影响,为棉花提质增效提供理论依据。【方法】分别在棉花蕾期和开花期滴施硅肥,每隔10 d调查棉花的生长发育情况,吐絮期测产调查,取样考种,纤维检测,分析施用硅肥与对照(CK)棉田在生长发育、产量和纤维品质方面的差异。【结果】滴施硅肥处理的株高低于对照;现蕾速度、蕾转化为铃的速度和数量、果枝生长速度和数量高于对照。滴施硅肥的棉花各产量性状均优于对照。除单铃重略有增加,差异不显著外(P>0.05),滴施硅肥的棉花单株铃数、衣分、籽棉产量、皮棉产量与对照均达到显著性差异(P>0.05)。纤维上半部长度和伸长率有较小水平的提高,断裂比强度、马克隆值和整齐度有所降低,差异不显著。【结论】硅肥可以加快棉花生长发育的速度、提高棉花的产量和品质。

【Objective】To study the effect of silicon fertilizer application on cotton growth,yield and fiber quality in the hope of providing theoretical basis for improving cotton quality and efficiency.【Methods】The growth and development of cotton were investigated every 10 days by applying silicon fertilizer in bud stage and flowering stage,respectively.The yield of cotton was measured in boll stage;The samples and the fiber were tested;The differences of growth and development,yield and fiber quality between silicon fertilizer and CK cotton field were studied.【Results】The plant height of drip silicon fertilizer treatment was lower than that of the control,and the speed and quantity of budding,the speed and quantity of bud transforming into boll,the growth speed and quantity of fruit branch were higher than those of the control.The yield characters of cotton treated with silicon fertilizer were better than those of the control.Except for the slight increase of single boll weight,the difference was not significant(P>0.05),the boll number per plant,lint percentage,seed cotton yield and lint yield of cotton treated with silicon fertilizer were significantly different from those of the control(P>0.05).The length and elongation of the upper half of the fiber increased slightly,while the breaking strength,micronaire value and uniformity decreased,but the difference was not significant.【Conclusion】Silicon fertilizer can accelerate the growth and development of cotton and improve the yield and quality of cotton.