化肥减量有机替代对新疆滴灌棉花产量及土壤养分的影响

Effects of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer and Organic Fertilizer Supplement on the Yield and Soil Nutrient of Drip Irrigationcotton in Xinjiang

【目的】研究新疆滴灌棉花合理的化肥减施量和有机肥替代量,为棉花优质高产、产业可持续发展提供理论支撑。【方法】采用田间小区滴灌栽培试验,化肥减量微生物菌剂替代对新疆滴灌棉花产量及其构成因素与土壤养分的影响。【结果】与习惯施肥(CF)相比,优化施肥减氮30%增施微生物菌剂(OPT+M-N30%)处理的棉花籽棉产量、皮棉产量、单铃数及衣分有不同程度的提高,其中棉花单铃数和籽棉产量分别提高16.42%,5.09%。且OPT+M-N30%处理的土壤有机质、全氮及碱解氮含量均高于其余施肥处理,较农民常规施肥增加了7.74%、5.97%、1.70%。【结论】优化施肥减氮30%增施微生物菌剂处理有利于提高棉花产量和土壤养分含量,表现较好的经济效益。

【Objective】Exploring the rational fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer replacement in Xinjiang drip irrigation,providing theoretical support for cotton high-quality and high-yield and sustainable industrial development.【Method】An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of fertilization on cotton yield,constituent factors and soil nutrient in fields with drip irrigation.【Result】The result show that,compared with farmers'practice treatment,seed cotton yield,lint yield,boll number per plant and lint percentage in the optimize fertilization and nitrogen reduction by 30%and increase organic fertilizer treatment(OPT+M-N30%)were all increased in varying degrees.Boll number per plant and seed cotton yield were increased by 16.42%and 5.09%.The OPT+M-N30%treatment soil Organic,TotalNitrogen and Alkali-hydrolyzableNitrogen both are higher than the rest of the fertilization treatment,compared with farmers'practice treatment were increased by 7.74%,5.97%and 1.70%.【Conclusion】The application rate of fertilizer of OPT+M-N30%conducive to increase cotton yield and soil nutrient content,showing good economic benefits.