安康低海拔区域烤烟水肥一体化下氮肥减施效应研究

Nitrogen Reducing Fertilization in Low Altitude Area of Ankang Under the Integration of Water and Fertilizer:Effect Study

为研究安康低海拔区域水肥一体化下减施氮肥对烤烟生长及产质量的影响,以传统施氮量90 kg N/hm2(基肥)为对照,设置75 kg N/hm2(基肥+水溶性滴灌肥)、67.5 kg N/hm2(基肥+水溶性滴灌肥)和60 kg N/hm2(水溶性滴灌肥)等3个减氮处理,开展比较试验研究。结果表明:(1)不同处理农艺性状的整体差异,随烤烟生育进程的推进有增大趋势,在团棵期差异不显著;在旺长期N60处理烟株节距最长、茎围最小,烟株拔节速度最快但不健壮,N75处理表现最优;在平顶期差异为N90=N75>N67.5=N60;(2)不同处理的烤烟原烟外观质量和内在质量差异均为N90=N75>N67.5>N60;均价和感官评析质量以N75处理最好;产量、产值差异均为N90>N75>N67.5>N60。水肥一体化条件下,安康低海拔区域施氮量在传统施量基础上减少16.7%,对烤烟生产影响不大,同时有利于烟叶质量的改善,氮肥供给以基肥和水溶性滴灌肥料搭配使用为宜。

To study the effect of nitrogen reducing fertilization on the growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco under the integration of water and fertilizer in low altitude area of Ankang,taking the nitrogen fertilizer 90 kg N/hm2(base fertilizer)as control(CK),we set 3 treatments with nitrogen reducing[75 kg N/hm2(base fertilizer+drip irrigation fertilizer),67.5 kg N/hm2(base fertilizer+drip irrigation fertilizer)and 60 kg N/hm2(drip irrigation fertilizer)to carry out the comparative experiment.The results showed that:(1)with the advance of growth process of tobacco,the difference of agronomic traits under different treatments had an increasing tendency;there was no significant difference among the treatments at rosette stage;the length of internode of N60 was the longest and the stem diameter of N60 was the shortest in the fast growing period,the joint speed of N60 was the fastest but the plant was not strong,the performance under N75 was the best;the difference at the top plate phase was N90=N75>N67.5=N60;(2)the difference between appearance quality and intrinsic quality of flue-cured tobacco under different treatments was N90=N75>N67.5>N60;the average price and sensory evaluation quality of N75 were the best;the difference of yield and output value was N90>N75>N67.5>N60.The dosages of nitrogen reduced by 16.7%compared with local conventional N application rate could have little effect on the production of flue-cured tobacco,and is beneficial to improving the quality of tobacco leaves;and the combined application of base fertilizer and water-soluble drip irrigation fertilizer is suitable for nitrogen reducing fertilization.