1976年苏军“米格-25”战机叛逃日本事件考论

The History Impacts of the U.S.S.R.Mig-25 Defection to Japan in 1976 and Its Influence on the Cold War

20世纪60年代后期,苏联最先进的米格-25型截击机凭借高超音速飞行性能震动西方。美国对苏常规军力的夸张研判,助推着同期美苏“缓和”的构建。1976年9月,苏军中尉别连科驾驶米格-25叛逃日本,通过拆解、研究这架米格-25,美国认为西方高估了苏联军事航空工业的实力,开始重估苏联的真实技术实力及国家发展模式效能。在20世纪70年代中期“苏攻美守”的被动态势下,美国鹰派就此增强了制苏战略信心,对苏强硬派决意抛弃“缓和”而重归对苏施压,这开启了摧垮苏联的“新冷战”的决策逻辑与战略演绎。

The exaggerated estimate of the U.S.S.R.air force boosted the Detente between the U.S.and the U.S.S.R.during the 1970s.In September 1976,the U.S.S.R.Lieutenant Belenko defected to Japan by an advanced Mig-25P interceptor.The Ford administration immediately asked Tokyo to detain the interceptor and allow the U.S.government to disassemble the Mig-25.As soon as the plane disassembled,the U.S.figured out that the interceptor was not so advanced as the western world had thought and they had overrated the technical capability of the U.S.S.R.aviation industry.According to them,the Mig-25 was merely a“Potemkin village”which exposed the less advanced aerial technology of the Soviet Union.Thus,the hardliners in the White House got more confidence towards containing the U.S.S.R.and began to speed up the progress of abandoning the Detente.