突发重大疫情下地方政府行为逻辑的分析

A Analysis of Local Government Behavior Logic in Major Outbreaks

政府既是公共危机治理的先行者和协调者,也是多元协作主体的一元,对发挥公共危机治理成效起着至为关键的作用。本文基于蔓延全国的新冠肺炎疫情及其防控实践,分析了地方政府在应对突发公共危机事件中的内在逻辑和现实困境。分析发现,在治理体制层面,传统科层化治理模式发生了相应转变,地方政府的疫情防控行为表现出理性权威与非理性选择的治理逻辑。在国家与社会关系层面,高效的多元协作机制和社会组织体系还面临着权利缺失的困境。一方面,多元主体受不同价值规范和利益目标的影响,原有社会结构不断出现分化;另一方面,地方政府在治理过程中形成了内生的关系网络,社会主体参与危机治理的力量表现式微,造成了“大政府、小社会”的治理格局。公共危机治理是国家治理体系的重要组成部分。推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化,需要构建以多元共治为核心的公共危机治理体系,重塑中央和地方政府的行为逻辑和权责关系,提升多元协作中不同主体的功能和地位,不断完善公共危机治理的制度建设。

The government is not only the forerunner and coordinator of public crisis governance,but also the unity of multiple cooperative subjects,which plays a key role in effectively playing the effectiveness of public crisis governance.Based on the COVID-19 situation and its prevention and control practice,this paper analyzes the internal logic and realistic predicament of local governments in dealing with public emergencies.It is found that in the governance system level,the traditional hierarchical governance mode has changed correspondingly in the new era,and the local government's epidemic prevention and control behavior shows the governance logic of rational authority and irrational choice.At the level of the relationship between the state and society,the efficient multi-cooperation mechanism and social organization system are still facing the dilemma of lack of rights.On the one hand,under the influence of different value norms and interest objectives,the original social structure is constantly divided;on the other hand,the local government has formed an endogenous relationship network in the process of governance,and the power of social subjects to participate in crisis governance has weakened,resulting in the governance pattern of"big government,small society".Public crisis governance is an important part of national governance system.To promote the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity,we need to build a public crisis governance system with pluralistic co-governance as the core,reshape the behavior logic and power responsibility relationship between the central and local governments,enhance the function and status of different subjects in diversified cooperation,and constantly strengthen the institutional construction of public crisis governance.