日本健康危机管理体制解析

Analyses of Japan's Health Crisis Management System

日本被公认为是当今世界上最为安全的国家之一,特别是在公共卫生安全领域,其危机管理水平较高。这与日本20世纪90年代中期开始建立起的健康危机管理体制密不可分。从形成原因来看,健康危机管理牵涉领域较广。在体制成型过程中,日本注重对相关领域社会问题的立法工作。在预防机制和应对机制方面,政府各级部门间能够做到权责明确、相互协作。国家层面加强了首相对于危机管控的能力,地方层面则注重发挥地方保健所的作用。这凸显出了法律体系完备、各部门配合密切、地方保健所担负主体作用、重视地域医疗人才培养的特点。从总体来看,日本健康危机管理体制是科学、合理、高效的行政体制。在守护日本国民健康方面,发挥了至关重要的作用。

Japan is recognized as one of the safest countries in the world,especially in the field of public health security,with a relatively high level of crisis management.This is inseparable from the health crisis management system established in Japan in the mid-1990s.Why health crisis management was built involves a wide range of fields.In the process of system formation,Japan has focused on legislative work on social issues in related fields.In terms of prevention mechanisms and response mechanisms,government departments at all levels can achieve clear powers and responsibilities and cooperate with each other.The national government has strengthened the prime minister’s ability to manage crisis,while the local one has focused on the role of local health centers.It manifests a complete legal system,close cooperation between various departments,local health centers taking the main role,and emphasis on the training of regional medical personnel.On the whole,Japan's health crisis management system is a scientific,reasonable and efficient administrative system.It has played a vital role in protecting the health of Japanese citizens.