茶园放养固始鸡与贵妃鸡肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸含量比较

Comparison of amino acid and fatty acid composition in muscle between Gushi chickens and Royal chickens under scattered feeding in tea plantation

为了全面了解茶园放养固始鸡与贵妃鸡肌肉中营养品质特点,为2个鸡种的育种、生产和开发提供技术支持,试验选取150日龄左右茶园放养的固始鸡和贵妃鸡各40只(公母各半),测定其胸肌和腿肌肉样氨基酸和脂肪酸组成等指标,并进行系统的比较和分析。结果显示:固始鸡胸肌比贵妃鸡胸肌中的氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸与鲜味氨基酸含量分别高18.6%、19.10%、18.34%和20.19%,差异显著(P<0.05);贵妃鸡腿肌比固始鸡腿肌中的氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量分别高28.90%、27.31%、29.72%和33.49%,差异显著(P<0.05)。固始鸡肉质中的脂肪酸种类优于贵妃鸡,固始鸡胸肌中的棕榈油酸甲酯(C16:1)、亚油酸甲酯(C18:2)和花生四烯酸甲酯(C20:4)的含量分别比贵妃鸡胸肌高37.53%、36.29%和33.93%;腿肌中二十四烷酸甲酯(C24:0)、花生酸甲酯(C20:0)和十七烷酸甲酯(C17:0)分别是贵妃鸡腿肌的3.16倍、1.5倍和2.63倍;贵妃鸡胸肌中棕榈酸甲酯(C16:0)、油酸甲酯(C18:1)的含量分别比固始鸡胸肌高17.33%和24.29%;腿肌中的棕榈油酸甲酯(C16:1)和花生四烯酸甲酯(C20:4)的含量分别比固始鸡腿肌高61.57%和48.26%。综上所述,固始鸡胸肌肉质中的营养物质优于贵妃鸡胸肌,而贵妃鸡腿肌肌肉中的营养物质优于固始鸡腿肌。

In order to identify the nutritional characteristics of muscles of Gushi chickens and Royal chickens under scattered breeding in tea plantations and provide technical support for raising these two breeds of chickens,40 Gushi chickens and 40 Royal chickens(half males and half females for each breed),both of 150 d of age,were randomly selected.Then,the amino acid composition and fatty acid composition of their breast and leg muscles were measured,and the results were compared and analyzed systematically.The results showed that,in the breast muscle of Gushi chickens,the contents of total amino acids,essential amino acids,non-essential amino acids and delicious amino acids were 18.6%,19.10%,18.34%and 20.19%higher,respectively,than those of Royal chickens(P<0.05).But these acids in the leg muscle of Royal chickens were 18.6%,19.10%,18.34%and 20.19%higher than those of Gushi chickens(P<0.05),respectively.The kinds of fatty acids of Gushi Chicken were superior to those of Royal chickens.The contents of methyl palmitate(C16:1),methyl linoleate(C18:2)and methyl arachidonate(C20:4)in the breast muscle of Gushi Chickens were higher than those of Royal Chickens,and the contents of methyl tetradecanoate(C24:0),methyl arachidonate(C20:0)and methyl heptadecanoate(C17:0)in the legs muscle of Gushi chickens were 3.16,1.5 and 2.63 times those of Royal chickens,respectively.However,in the breast muscle of Royal chickens,the contents of methyl palmitate(C16:0)and methyl oleate(C18:1)were 17.33%and 24.29%higher than those of Gushi Chickens,and the contents of methyl palmitate(C16:1)and methyl arachidonate(C20:4)were 61.57%and 48.26%higher,respectively,than those of Gushi Chickens.To summarize,the nutritional characteristics in the breast muscle of Gushi chickens were superior to those of Royal chickens,while those indicators in the leg muscle of Gushi chickens were the lower than those of Royal chickens.