试述手稿中马克思异化劳动思想的内在逻辑

On the Inner Logic of Marx's Thought of Alienated Labor in Manuscripts

《1844年经济学哲学手稿》是马克思在马克思主义形成阶段所著的一部未完成的手稿,在马克思主义发展史上占有重要的地位。"异化"理论是马克思主义发展史上的桥梁,"异化"贯穿整个马克思主义思想,特别是在共产主义学说史上,更是起到了重要作用。"异化劳动"理论的提出是为了批判资本主义,并在批判资本主义的基础上对共产主义进行了分析。在笔记本1中"异化劳动和私有财产"这一部分所提出的"异化劳动",更成为马克思主义阐述此本主义经济社会关系内在联系手段的重要理论。马克思通过阐述"异化劳动"的表现形式,系统地总结出"异化劳动"的四重规定性,从人与自己的劳动产品、人与自己的劳动活动、人与人类本质、人与人4个层面进行逐层分析,由浅入深,犹如外科手术一般层层剖析,精准地揭露出资本主义社会下存在的异化劳动的根源问题。

The Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844 is an unfinished manuscript written by Marx in the formation stage of Marxism,which occupies an important position in the development history of Marxism.The theory of"Alienation"is a bridge in the development history of Marxism."Alienation"runs through the whole Marxist thought,especially in the history of Communist theory,and plays an important role.The theory of"Alienated Labor"was put forward to criticize capitalism and analyze communism on the basis of criticizing capitalism.The"Alienated Labor"put forward in the part of"Alienated Labor and Private Property"in notebook 1 has become an important theory for Marxism to expound the internal connection means of this doctrine’s economic and social relations.By elaborating on the manifestation of"Alienated Labor",Marx systematically summed up the four aspects of"Alienated Labor",namely,man and his own labor products、man and his own labor activities、man and human nature、and man and man,from the shallow to the deep,just like surgical operation,and precisely exposed the alienation existing in capitalist society The root cause of labor.