论《宋书》《魏书》佛事记载的差异

On the Differences of Buddhism Deeds in the Book of Song Dynasty and the Book of Wei Dynasty

《宋书》、《魏书》两部正史中对佛事记载文体不同、详略有别,源于南北佛教发展的差异。作为少数民族政权,北朝与佛教有天然亲和力,统治者从维护统治角度兴佛灭佛并加以控制,佛教盛衰作为重大社会事件被记入史著。南朝佛教因佛理与玄谈通而被广泛接受,文士与佛教徒合作促进佛教中国化,统治阶层利用佛教并设置僧官管辖,大批僧史传记出现。因北朝反佛主要针对其危及社会发展,《魏书》记载佛事只需考虑用何种文体。南朝除此以外,主要是从夷夏有别立论反佛。《宋书》可能因佛教无补于治而将佛事附记于《蛮夷传》,更多则是因为面临南北对峙争夺正统的现实,作为外来宗教的佛教一些理念又冲击华夏传统文化,史家只能发挥自觉意识,采用取巧的带叙法处理佛教在正史的记载。

Buddhism deeds in the Book of Song Dynasty and the Book of Wei Dynasty are different in style and length because of differences in the development of Buddhism in the Northern and Southern Dynasties.As ethnic minority regimes,the Northern Dynasties and Buddhism have natural affinity.In order to safeguard domination,Buddhism was controlled and the rulers chose to revive of or destroy Buddhism.The rise and fall of Buddhism was recorded as major social events.In the Southern Dynasties,Buddhism was widely accepted because of sharing same characteristics with the metaphysics.Scholars worked with Buddhists to promote the localization of Buddhism in China.The systems of monk officials were set to manage Buddhism.There were many historical works about Buddhist monks.As the anti-Buddhism in the Northern Dynasties mainly aimed at Buddhism endangering the social development,the Book of Wei Dynasty only needed to consider what style to use when recording Buddhist affairs.Yi-Xia distinction was the main reason besides social problem for anti-Buddhism in the Southern Dynasties.Buddhism wasn't for politics,so it was recorded in Biography of Minority Nationality in the Book of Song Dynasty.Actually because of the orthodox dispute between the Northern and Southern and conflicting ideas between Buddhism and Chinese traditional culture,with historians'subjective initiative,Buddhism deeds was written by subsidiary narrative method in the Book of Song Dynasty.