基于蚁群算法的涡轮叶片外轮廓激光测量技术研究

Research on Laser Measurement Technology of Turbine Blade Contour Based on Ant Colony Algorithm

涡轮叶片气膜冷却孔的加工是航空发动机制造中的重要环节,在加工前需根据实际涡轮叶片轮廓对每个孔的位置和方向进行微调。为实现气膜冷却孔的在线测量加工,提出一种涡轮叶片外轮廓测量程序自动生成方法,首先从涡轮叶片设计模型中提取待测点,采用旋量理论对所测机床进行运动学建模,并计算机床法向测量姿态,最后通过改进蚁群算法优化测量轨迹以减少测量时间。经仿真验证,在相同测量状态下,该法相较于切平面网格法平均测量误差由±17μm下降到±3μm,相较于等高截面法平均测量时间缩短86.8%。

The machining of film cooling holes on turbine blades is one of the key processes in the manufacture of aeroengines,so it is necessary to adjust the positional and oriental directions of each hole according to the measured turbine blade contour before machining.In order to carry out online measurement and manufacture of film cooling holes,an automatic generation method of a laser measurement program of the turbine blade contour is proposed.Firstly,the ideal points to be measured were extracted from the design model of the turbine blade.Secondly,a kinematic model of the measuring machine was derived by screw theory,and the machine parameters when measuring the point in a normal direction were calculated.Finally,the order of points was optimized by improved ant colony algorithm to shorten the measurement time.It was proved by simulation that the average measurement error can be reduced from±17μm to±3μm as compared with the tangent plane grid method,while the average measurement time is shortened by 86.8%as compared with the equal height section method.